Skip to main content

Bildgebende Diagnostik in der Thoraxchirurgie

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Thoraxchirurgie

Zusammenfassung

Für die bildgebende, nichtinvasive Diagnostik des Thorax stehen das konventionelle Röntgen, die Computertomografie (CT), die Magnetresonanztomografie (MRT) sowie der Ultraschall zur Verfügung, wobei beim Röntgen sowie bei der CT eine Strahlenexposition beachtet werden muss. Dabei ist die CT die wichtigste Bildgebungsmodalität für die Thoraxchirurgie. Der Lungen-Ultraschall (LUS) ist ideal für den Einsatz bei kritisch kranken Patienten am Krankenbett als mögliche Ergänzung oder Alternative zum Röntgen auf Station. Insbesondere bietet sich der LUS für Fragestellungen hinsichtlich Pneumothorax und Pleuraergüsse an. Insgesamt bietet die Röntgenuntersuchung wenig Informationsdichte, insbesondere in Anbetracht wie häufig diese Modalität eingesetzt wird. Die MRT ist eher eine Modalität für spezielle Fragestellungen und muss ganz gezielt bei Fragestellungen im Bereich Thoraxchirurgie eingesetzt werden. Die Lunge umfasst eine Vielzahl an Pathologien, die anhand der Dichte in Prozesse mit erhöhter Strahlentransparenz wie dem Pneumothorax oder das Lungenemphysem, sowie in Prozesse mit verminderter Strahlentransparenz unterteilt werden können. Diese können benigne Läsionen wie Hamartome oder postentzündliche/inzidentelle Rundherde, entzündliche Prozesse wie Pneumonien oder Lungenabszesse oder gar maligne Prozesse, wie Lungenkrebs, pulmonale Lymphome oder auch Metastasen umfassen. Bezüglich der Pathologien der Pleura sind am häufigsten pleurale Metastasen zu beobachten, während das pleurale Mesotheliom auf Basis von asbestbedingten Pleuraveränderungen sehr selten ist. Auch dafür bietet sich die Untersuchung mittels CT an. Läsionen der Thoraxwand sind relativ selten und lassen sich morphologisch in fetthaltige, kalzifizierte, stark flüssigkeitshaltige sowie Läsionen mit überwiegendem Weichgewebsanteil einordnen, wobei bei den für die Thoraxwand spezifischen Pathologien das Hibernom, das Empyema necessitans sowie das Elastofibroma dorsi zu nennen sind. Das Mediastinum kann anhand der Schnittbildgebung in einer prävaskuläres anteriores, ein vizerals mediales und ein paravertebrales posteriores Kompartiment unterteilt werden. Aufgrund der Lokalisation, der Bildmorphologie, des Patientenalters und der Anamnese können eine Vielzahl an mediastinalen Pathologien differenzialdiagnostisch eingeordnet werden. Neben der CT als wichtigste Bildgebungsmodalität bietet es sich bei unklaren Weichteilprozessen an eine MRT durchzuführen.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 289.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 299.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Literatur

  • Ackman JB, Wu CC (2011) MRI of the thymus. AJR Am J Roentgenol 197(1):W15–W20

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Aerts HJ, Velazquez ER, Leijenaar RT, Parmar C, Grossmann P, Carvalho S, Bussink J, Monshouwer R, Haibe-Kains B, Rietveld D et al (2014) Decoding tumour phenotype by noninvasive imaging using a quantitative radiomics approach. Nat Commun 5:4006

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Akman C, Kantarci F, Cetinkaya S (2004) Imaging in mediastinitis: a systematic review based on aetiology. Clin Radiol 59(7):573–585

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • An JY, Unsdorfer KML, Weinreb JC (2019) BI-RADS, C-RADS, CAD-RADS, LI-RADS, Lung-RADS, NI-RADS, O-RADS, PI-RADS, TI-RADS: reporting and data systems. Radiographics 39(5):1435–1436

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bhoil R, Ahluwalia A, Chopra R, Surya M, Bhoil S (2021) Signs and lines in lung ultrasound. J Ultrason 21(86):e225–e233

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Bourgouin PP, Madan R (2021) Imaging of the middle and visceral mediastinum. Radiol Clin North Am 59(2):193–204

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brandelik SC, Heussel CP, Kauczor HU, Rocken C, Huber L, Basset M, Kimmich C, Schonland SO, Hegenbart U, Nattenmuller J (2020) CT features in amyloidosis of the respiratory system – Comprehensive analysis in a tertiary referral center cohort. Eur J Radiol 129:109123

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz (BfS), Umweltradioaktivität und Strahlenbelastung, Jahresbericht 2019. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0221-2022041232235

  • Carter BW, Lichtenberger JP 3rd (2021) Imaging of the posterior/paravertebral mediastinum. Radiol Clin North Am 59(2):243–249

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Carter BW, Okumura M, Detterbeck FC, Marom EM (2014) Approaching the patient with an anterior mediastinal mass: a guide for radiologists. J Thorac Oncol 9(9 Suppl 2):S110–S118

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Carter BW, Benveniste MF, Madan R, Godoy MC, de Groot PM, Truong MT, Rosado-de-Christenson ML, Marom EM (2017a) ITMIG classification of mediastinal compartments and multidisciplinary approach to mediastinal masses. Radiographics 37(2):413–436

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Carter BW, Benveniste MF, Madan R, Godoy MC, Groot PM, Truong MT, Rosado-de-Christenson ML, Marom EM (2017b) IASLC/ITMIG staging system and lymph node map for thymic epithelial neoplasms. Radiographics 37(3):758–776

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Crotty EJ, McAdams HP, Erasmus JJ, Sporn TA, Roggli VL (2000) Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of the pleura: clinical and radiologic features. AJR Am J Roentgenol 175(6):1545–1549

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Danielson D, Bjork K, Card R, Foreman J, Harper C, Roemer R, Stultz J, Sypura W, Thompson S, Webb B (2012) Preoperative evaluation. In: Institute for clinical systems improvement. http://aspiruslibrary.org/guidelines_new/ICSI%20Preop%20Guideline.pdf

  • Detterbeck FC (2018) The eighth edition TNM stage classification for lung cancer: what does it mean on main street? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 155(1):356–359

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Devaraj A, van Ginneken B, Nair A, Baldwin D (2017) Use of volumetry for lung nodule management: theory and practice. Radiology 284(3):630–644

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dournes G, Walkup LL, Benlala I, Willmering MM, Macey J, Bui S, Laurent F, Woods JC (2021) The clinical use of lung MRI in cystic fibrosis: what, now, how? Chest 159(6):2205–2217

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • El-Sherief AH, Lau CT, Wu CC, Drake RL, Abbott GF, Rice TW (2014) International association for the study of lung cancer (IASLC) lymph node map: radiologic review with CT illustration. Radiographics 34(6):1680–1691

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Expert Panel on Thoracic I, Ackman JB, Chung JH, Walker CM, Bang TJ, Carter BW, Hobbs SB, Kandathil A, Lanuti M, Madan R et al (2021) ACR appropriateness criteria(R) imaging of mediastinal masses. J Am Coll Radiol 18(5S):S37–S51

    Google Scholar 

  • Force USPST, Krist AH, Davidson KW, Mangione CM, Barry MJ, Cabana M, Caughey AB, Davis EM, Donahue KE, Doubeni CA et al (2021) Screening for lung cancer: US preventive services task force recommendation statement. JAMA 325(10):962–970

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gaerte SC, Meyer CA, Winer-Muram HT, Tarver RD, Conces DJ Jr (2002) Fat-containing lesions of the chest. Radiographics 22 Spec No:S61–S78

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Garrana SH, Rosado-de-Christenson ML (2021) Imaging of the anterior/prevascular mediastinum. Radiol Clin North Am 59(2):155–168

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hanneman K, Newman B, Chan F (2017) Congenital variants and anomalies of the aortic arch. Radiographics 37(1):32–51

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Henschke CI, Yankelevitz DF, Davis SD (1991) Pleural diseases: multimodality imaging and clinical management. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol 20(5):155–181

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hosny A, Parmar C, Coroller TP, Grossmann P, Zeleznik R, Kumar A, Bussink J, Gillies RJ, Mak RH, Aerts H (2018) Deep learning for lung cancer prognostication: a retrospective multi-cohort radiomics study. PLoS Med 15(11):e1002711

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Inaoka T, Takahashi K, Mineta M, Yamada T, Shuke N, Okizaki A, Nagasawa K, Sugimori H, Aburano T (2007) Thymic hyperplasia and thymus gland tumors: differentiation with chemical shift MR imaging. Radiology 243(3):869–876

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Incarbone M, Pastorino U (2001) Surgical treatment of chest wall tumors. World J Surg 25(2):218–230

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Juanpere S, Canete N, Ortuno P, Martinez S, Sanchez G, Bernado L (2013) A diagnostic approach to the mediastinal masses. Insights Imaging 4(1):29–52

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Karampinis I, Galata C, Roessner ED (2022) Management of chest drains after elective, thoracoscopic, anatomical lung resections. A survey in thoracic surgical departments in Germany. Zentralbl Chir 147(S 01):S16–S20. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1737-4477

  • King C, Mayes D, Dorsey DA (2011) Benign asbestos-related pleural disease. Dis Mon 57(1):27–39

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kono SA, Nauser TD (2007) Contemporary empyema necessitatis. Am J Med 120(4):303–305

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kraus T, Borsch-Galetke E, Elliehausen HJ, Frank K, Hering KG, Hieckel HG, Hofmann-Preiss K, Jacques W, Jeremie U, Kotschy-Lang N et al (2010) Examples for asbestos-related findings in HRCT – criteria for the assessment of causal relationships in surveillance programmes and medical expert opinion. Pneumologie 64(1):37–44

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lee JC, Gupta A, Saifuddin A, Flanagan A, Skinner JA, Briggs TW, Cannon SR (2006) Hibernoma: MRI features in eight consecutive cases. Clin Radiol 61(12):1029–1034

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Leung AN, Muller NL, Miller RR (1990) CT in differential diagnosis of diffuse pleural disease. AJR Am J Roentgenol 154(3):487–492

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Levy AD, Remotti HE, Thompson WM, Sobin LH, Miettinen M (2003) Gastrointestinal stromal tumors: radiologic features with pathologic correlation. Radiographics 23(2):283–304, 456; quiz 532

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Li WJ, Chu ZG, Zhang Y, Li Q, Zheng YN, Lv FJ (2019b) Effect of slab thickness on the detection of pulmonary nodules by use of CT maximum and minimum intensity projection. AJR Am J Roentgenol 213(3):562–567

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Li Y, Jiang L, Wang H, Cai H, Xiang Y, Li L (2019a) Effective radiation dose of 18f-Fdg Pet/Ct: how much does diagnostic Ct contribute? Radiat Prot Dosimetry 187(2):183–190

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • MacMahon H, Naidich DP, Goo JM, Lee KS, Leung ANC, Mayo JR, Mehta AC, Ohno Y, Powell CA, Prokop M et al (2017) Guidelines for management of incidental pulmonary nodules detected on CT images: from the Fleischner Society 2017. Radiology 284(1):228–243

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mansour J, Raptis D, Bhalla S, Heeger AP, Abbott GF, Parkar N, Hammer MM, Kiernan J, Raptis C (2022) Diagnostic and imaging approaches to chest wall lesions. Radiographics 42(2):359–378

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Markowiak T, Hofmann HS, Ried M (2020) Classification and staging of thymoma. J Thorac Dis 12(12):7607–7612

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Meyer CA, Vagal AS, Seaman D (2011) Put your back into it: pathologic conditions of the spine at chest CT. Radiographics 31(5):1425–1441

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Moeller KH, Rosado-de-Christenson ML, Templeton PA (1997) Mediastinal mature teratoma: imaging features. AJR Am J Roentgenol 169(4):985–990

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Munden RF, Carter BW, Chiles C, MacMahon H, Black WC, Ko JP, McAdams HP, Rossi SE, Leung AN, Boiselle PM et al (2018) Managing incidental findings on thoracic CT: mediastinal and cardiovascular findings. A white paper of the ACR incidental findings committee. J Am Coll Radiol 15(8):1087–1096

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Murphey MD, Carroll JF, Flemming DJ, Pope TL, Gannon FH, Kransdorf MJ (2004) From the archives of the AFIP: benign musculoskeletal lipomatous lesions. Radiographics 24(5):1433–1466

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Padhani AR, Hale HL (1998) Mediastinal venous anomalies: potential pitfalls in cancer diagnosis. Br J Radiol 71(847):792–798

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pina-Oviedo S, Moran CA (2016) Primary mediastinal classical hodgkin lymphoma. Adv Anat Pathol 23(5):285–309

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Priola AM, Priola SM, Di Franco M, Cataldi A, Durando S, Fava C (2010) Computed tomography and thymoma: distinctive findings in invasive and noninvasive thymoma and predictive features of recurrence. Radiol Med 115(1):1–21

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Quinn B, Dauer Z, Pandit-Taskar N, Schoder H, Dauer LT (2016) Radiation dosimetry of 18F-FDG PET/CT: incorporating exam-specific parameters in dose estimates. BMC Med Imaging 16(1):41

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Roberts AS, Shetty AS, Mellnick VM, Pickhardt PJ, Bhalla S, Menias CO (2016) Extramedullary haematopoiesis: radiological imaging features. Clin Radiol 71(9):807–814

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rosado-de-Christenson ML, Abbott GF, McAdams HP, Franks TJ, Galvin JR (2003) From the archives of the AFIP: localized fibrous tumor of the pleura. Radiographics 23(3):759–783

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shepard JO, Flores EJ, Abbott GF (2018) Imaging of the trachea. Ann Cardiothorac Surg 7(2):197–209

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Shiba N, Kusumoto M, Tsuta K, Watanabe H, Watanabe S, Tochigi N, Arai Y (2011) A case of malignant pleural mesothelioma with osseous and cartilaginous differentiation. J Thorac Imaging 26(1):W30–W32

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Strollo DC, Rosado de Christenson ML, Jett JR (1997) Primary mediastinal tumors. Part 1: tumors of the anterior mediastinum. Chest 112(2):511–522

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Takahashi K, Al-Janabi NJ (2010) Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of mediastinal tumors. J Magn Reson Imaging 32(6):1325–1339

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Takeda S, Miyoshi S, Akashi A, Ohta M, Minami M, Okumura M, Masaoka A, Matsuda H (2003) Clinical spectrum of primary mediastinal tumors: a comparison of adult and pediatric populations at a single Japanese institution. J Surg Oncol 83(1):24–30

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tomiyama N, Muller NL, Ellis SJ, Cleverley JR, Okumura M, Miyoshi S, Kusumoto M, Johkoh T, Yoshida S, Mihara N et al (2001) Invasive and noninvasive thymoma: distinctive CT features. J Comput Assist Tomogr 25(3):388–393

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tortora M, Gemini L, D’Iglio I, Ugga L, Spadarella G, Cuocolo R (2022) Spectral photon-counting computed tomography: a review on technical principles and clinical applications. J Imaging 8(4):112. https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging8040112

  • Tsubakimoto M, Yamashiro T, Tsuchiya N, Okada M, Maehara H, Kitsukawa K, Murayama S (2018) MRI findings and demographics of elastofibroma dorsi: assessment of diffusion-weighted imaging and contrast enhancement patterns. Acta Radiol 59(6):709–715

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ueno T, Tanaka YO, Nagata M, Tsunoda H, Anno I, Ishikawa S, Kawai K, Itai Y (2004) Spectrum of germ cell tumors: from head to toe. Radiographics 24(2):387–404

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vejvodova S, Spidlen V, Mukensnabl P, Krakorova G, Molacek J, Vodicka J (2017) Solitary fibrous tumor – less common neoplasms of the pleural cavity. Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 23(1):12–18

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Volpicelli G, Elbarbary M, Blaivas M, Lichtenstein DA, Mathis G, Kirkpatrick AW, Melniker L, Gargani L, Noble VE, Via G et al (2012) International evidence-based recommendations for point-of-care lung ultrasound. Intensive Care Med 38(4):577–591

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Christopher L. Schlett .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Section Editor information

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2023 Springer-Verlag GmbH Deutschland, ein Teil von Springer Nature

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Nattenmüller, J., Löffler, M.T., Schlett, C.L. (2023). Bildgebende Diagnostik in der Thoraxchirurgie. In: Hoffmann, H., Ludwig, C., Passlick, B. (eds) Thoraxchirurgie. Springer Reference Medizin. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-59146-8_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-59146-8_6

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-662-59145-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-59146-8

  • eBook Packages: Medicine (German Language)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics