Zusammenfassung
Dentale Implantate sind das Mittel der Wahl zum chirurgischen Zahnersatz. Titan und Titanlegierungen haben sich über Jahrzehnte als Implantatmaterialen bewährt. Daneben werden Implantate aus Zirkonoxidkeramiken klinisch erfolgreich eingesetzt. Durch immunologisch gesteuerte Prozesse kommt es zu einer Osseointegration der Implantate. Präoperative Diagnostik erlaubt die Planung der prothetisch gewünschten Implantatposition, sodass die Implantatinsertion mit hoher Sicherheit durchgeführt werden kann. Bei unzureichenden Knochenverhältnissen aufgrund von Kieferatrophie, nach traumatischem Knochenverlust oder nach Tumorresektionen sind häufig Augmentationen der Hart- und Weichgewebe notwendig. Daneben können zusätzliche chirurgische Maßnahmen der periimplantären Weichgewebe notwendig werden, um ein Langzeitüberleben der Implantate zu gewährleisten. Die Beherrschung möglicher Komplikationen ist essentiell um eine sichere Therapie der Patienten für die elektiven Eingriffe zu gewährleisten.
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Lutz, R., Kesting, M. (2021). Chirurgische Aspekte der Implantologie. In: Eufinger, H., Kübler, A., Schliephake, H. (eds) Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-58984-7_4
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