Zusammenfassung
Normen bzw. Standards sind unterschätzte Teile von Modernisierung und Innovation. Sie wurden zudem lange als rein technische Angelegenheit betrachtet. Spätestens mit der Digitalisierung zeigt sich nun ihre ökonomische und politische Dimension. Dieser Herausgeberband betrachtet Normungs- und Standardisierungsansätze in Indien und China. Die Autoren aus Wissenschaft und Praxis analysieren die jeweiligen Kontexte und beleuchten exemplarisch konkrete Themenfelder. Das Kapitel führt in die Thematik des Buches ein. Es erläutert Hintergründe, Ziele und Grenzen des Herausgeberbandes, dessen Struktur sowie die Zusammensetzung der Autoren. Anhand der jeweiligen Zusammenfassungen werden die einzelnen Kapitel vorgestellt.
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Notes
- 1.
2011 stellte Dieter Ernst fest: “China considers standardization to be an essential tool for improving its innovative capacity, yet very little is known about this critical building block of China’s innovation system.” (Ernst 2011).
- 2.
Ausführlicher dazu der Beitrag „Chinas Standardisierungsstrategie – Entstehung und Inhalte“ von M. Schädler in diesem Herausgeberband.
- 3.
IT, Biotechnologie, neue Energien, neue Materialien, High-end-Ausstattungen, NEV, Umweltschutz, Luftfahrt, Meeresausrüstungen, Biomedizin, Biomaterialien, Bioenergie und Satellitensysteme. Siehe Outline (2021).
Literatur
Bureau of Indian Standards (2019): Standards National Action Plan. https://bis.gov.in/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/SNAP-Documents.pdf. Zugriff 12.12.2021.
Ernst, D. (2011): Indigenous Innovation and Globalisation Challenge for China’s Standardisation Strategy. https://www.eastwestcenter.org/sites/default/files/private/ernstindigenousinnovation.pdf. Zugriff am 20.08.2021.
Outline (2021) of the 14th Five-Year Plan (2021–2025) for National Economic and Social Development and Vision 2035 of the People’s Republic of China. https://www.fujian.gov.cn/english/news/202108/t20210809_5665713.htm. Zugriff 23.12.2021.
SESEC Newsletter vom 14.1.2022.
Tan, A. Z., Suttmeier, R. P., Yao, X. (2006). Standards of Power? Technology, Institutions, and Politics in the Development of China’s National Standards Strategy. NBR Special Report No.10. 01.06.2006.
Weithmann, S. (2018): The Evolvement of Standards in China – Insights from the Electric Vehicle Industry. Baden-Baden: Nomos.
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1.1 Übersichten 1: Positions in International Standardization Bodies held by the Standardization Administration of the P.R.C. (SAC)
ISO/TC and ISO/TC/SC Secretariats held by SAC
(retrieved from the ISO website 2021-08-11)
Part 1
SAC is holding the Chair and Secretariat
COMMITTEE | TITLE |
---|---|
ISO/TC 1 | Screw threads |
ISO/TC 5 | Ferrous metal pipes and metallic fittings |
ISO/TC 8 | Ships and marine technology |
ISO/TC 8/SC 4 | Outfitting and deck machinery |
ISO/TC 8/SC 13 | Marine technology |
ISO/TC 10/SC 6 | Mechanical engineering documentation |
ISO/TC 17/SC 15 | Railway rails, rails fasteners, wheels and wheelsets |
ISO/TC 17/SC 17 | Steel wire rod and wire products |
ISO/TC 20/SC 1 | Aerospace electrical requirements |
ISO/TC 21/SC 6 | Foam and powder media and firefighting systems using foam and powder |
ISO/TC 26 | Copper and copper alloys |
ISO/TC 34/SC 4 | Cereals and pulses |
ISO/TC 34/SC 6 | Meat, poultry, fish, eggs and their products |
ISO/TC 34/SC 19 | Bee products |
ISO/TC 37 | Language and terminology |
ISO/TC 37/SC 1 | Principles and methods |
ISO/TC 38/SC 1 | Tests for coloured textiles and colorants |
ISO/TC 38/SC 2 | Cleansing, finishing and water resistance tests |
ISO/TC 38/SC 23 | Fibres and yarns |
ISO/TC 41 | Pulleys and belts (including veebelts) |
ISO/TC 41/SC 3 | Conveyor belts |
ISO/TC 48/SC 3 | Thermometers |
ISO/TC 48/SC 4 | Density measuring instruments |
ISO/TC 52 | Light gauge metal containers |
ISO/TC 59/SC 8 | Sealants |
ISO/TC 59/SC 19 | Prefabricated building |
ISO/TC 61 | Plastics |
ISO/TC 61/SC 2 | Mechanical behavior |
ISO/TC 69/SC 7 | Applications of statistical and related techniques for the implementation of Six Sigma |
ISO/TC 70 | Internal combustion engines |
ISO/TC 79/SC 5 | Magnesium and alloys of cast or wrought magnesium |
ISO/TC 79/SC 12 | Aluminium ores |
ISO/TC 86/SC 4 | Testing and rating of refrigerant compressors |
ISO/TC 96 | Cranes |
ISO/TC 105 | Steel wire ropes |
ISO/TC 107/SC 9 | Physical vapor deposition coatings |
ISO/TC 110/SC 5 | Sustainability |
ISO/TC 114/SC 14 | Table and wall clocks |
ISO/TC 130 | Graphic technology |
ISO/TC 132 | Ferroalloys |
ISO/TC 135/SC 9 | Acoustic emission testing |
ISO/TC 154 | Processes, data elements and documents in commerce, industry and administration |
ISO/TC 156 | Corrosion of metals and alloys |
ISO/TC 156/SC 1 | Corrosion control engineering life cycle |
ISO/TC 180/SC 4 | Systems – Thermal performance, reliability and durability |
ISO/TC 186 | Cutlery and table and decorative metal hollow-ware |
ISO/TC 193/SC 3 | Upstream area |
ISO/TC 195 | Building construction machinery and equipment |
ISO/TC 202 | Microbeam analysis |
ISO/TC 202/SC 2 | Electron probe microanalysis |
ISO/TC 249 | Traditional Chinese medicine |
ISO/TC 255 | Biogas |
ISO/TC 263 | Coalbed methane (CBM) |
ISO/TC 264 | Fireworks |
ISO/TC 266 | Biomimetics |
ISO/TC 282 | Water reuse |
ISO/TC 282/SC 2 | Water reuse in urban areas |
ISO/TC 282/SC 4 | Industrial water reuse |
ISO/TC 289 | Brand evaluation |
ISO/TC 293 | Feed machinery |
ISO/TC 295 | Audit data services |
ISO/TC 296 | Bamboo and rattan |
ISO/TC 298 | Rare earth |
ISO/TC 306 | Foundry machinery |
ISO/TC 319 | Karst |
ISO/TC 333 | Lithium |
ISO/TC 336 | Laboratory design |
Part 2
SAC is twinned with another member of ISO, sharing responsibilities.
COMMITTEE | TITLE | |
---|---|---|
ISO/TC 10/SC 1 | Basic conventions | SECRETARIAT: BSI TWINNED SECRETARIAT: SAC |
ISO/TC 85/SC 6 | Reactor technology | SECRETARIAT: DIN TWINNED SECRETARIAT: SAC |
ISO/TC 269/SC 1 | Infrastructure | SECRETARIAT: AFNOR TWINNED SECRETARIAT: SAC |
ISO/TC 321 | Transaction assurance in E-commerce | SECRETARIAT: SAC TWINNED SECRETARIAT: AFNOR |
Secretariats held by SAC in IEC/TCs und SCs
Query 2021-11-08
Committee | Title |
---|---|
TC 5 | Steam turbines |
TC 7 | Overhead electrical conductors |
TC 8/SC 8A | Grid Integration of Renewable Energy Generation |
TC 8/SC 8B | Decentralized electrical energy systems |
TC 8/SC 8C | Network Management in Interconnected Electric Power Systems |
TC 32/SC 32C | Miniature fuses |
TC 59/SC 59A | Electric dishwashers |
TC 85 | Measuring equipment for electrical and electromagnetic quantities |
TC 115 | High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) transmission for DC voltages above 100 kV |
PC 118 | Smart grid user interface |
PC 127 | Low-voltage auxiliary power systems for electric power plants and substations |
TC 129 | Robotics for electricity generation, transmission and distribution systems |
1.2 Übersichten 2: Positions in International Standardization Bodies held by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS)
Secretariats of ISO/TCs and SCs held by BIS (query 2021-08-11)
COMMITTEE | TITLE |
---|---|
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 7 | Software and systems engineering |
ISO/TC 34/SC 7 | Spices, culinary herbs and condiments |
ISO/TC 113 | Hydrometry |
ISO/TC 113/SC 1 | Velocity area methods |
ISO/TC 113/SC 6 | Sediment transport |
ISO/TC 120 | Leather |
ISO/TC 120/SC 1 | Raw hides and skins, including pickled pelts |
ISO/TC 120/SC 2 | Tanned leather |
ISO/TC 120/SC 3 | Leather products |
ISO/TC 146/SC 1 | Stationary source emissions |
ISO/TC 332 | Security equipment for financial institutions and commercial organizations |
BIS does not hold any chairs or secretariats at IEC (query 2021-11-11)
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Freimuth, J., Kaiser, S., Schädler, M. (2022). Einführung. In: Freimuth, J., Kaiser, S., Schädler, M. (eds) Normungs- und Standardisierungsstrategien in China und Indien. Springer Gabler, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-38204-9_1
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