Zusammenfassung
Dieser Beitrag zeichnet die Politik der Reformen moderner Wohlfahrtsstaaten nach. Obwohl bestehende sozialpolitische Maßnahmen sich häufig großer Beliebtheit erfreuen, gibt es systematische Pfade der Veränderung in diesem Feld schwierigen Regierens. Diese Veränderungen werden erstens bedingt durch allgemeine institutionelle Faktoren des politischen Systems, die seine Reformierbarkeit beeinflussen. Zweitens zeichnet sich die Sozialpolitik durch ein paar Besonderheiten wie eine starke Pfadabhängigkeit, den hohen Erwartungen der Bürger (Aus Gründen der besseren Lesbarkeit wird im Text das generische Maskulinum verwendet, gleichwohl sich die Angaben stets auf alle Geschlechter beziehen (m/w/d).) und den unterschiedlichen Organisierungsgraden verschiedener Zielgruppen der Sozialpolitik aus. Drittens kann man erfolgreiche Reformwege anhand von sieben Strategien skizzieren, die einzeln oder in Kombination den Erfolg eines Reformversuches erhöhen. Der Beitrag schließt mit einem Ausblick über aktuelle Forschungsansätze und stellt insbesondere das Potenzial der Politics-Policy-Perspektive heraus, in der man gleichzeitig versucht, das Zusammenspiel zwischen Policy-Entwicklung und Dynamiken des politischen Prozesses in Bezug auf Parteien und Wähler besser zu verstehen.
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Notes
- 1.
Teil der 2020er OECD-Welt mit 37 Staaten sind auch viele postkommunistische Staaten. Ihre Wohlfahrtsstaaten erfuhren massive Veränderungen durch den Übergang von sozialistischen Systemen zu liberalen Demokratien, die in diesem Beitrag nicht gesondert betrachtet werden (Cerami und Vanhuysse 2009; Cook 2007).
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Goerres, A. (2022). Reformen der Sozialpolitik in modernen Wohlfahrtsstaaten. In: Korte, KR., Florack, M. (eds) Handbuch Regierungsforschung. Springer VS, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-30071-5_23
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