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Modellierung der Zweiphasenströmung

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Handbuch Dampfturbinen

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Zusammenfassung

Niederdruckturbinen, wie auch die Hochdruckturbinen von Kernkraftwerken mit Siedewasserreaktor, entspannen in der Regel bis in das Nassdampfgebiet. Die hierbei entstehende Dampfnässe führt einerseits zu Wirkungsgradverlusten und andererseits zu Erosionsproblemen. Nahezu die Hälfte der Verluste einer Niederdruckturbine entsteht aufgrund der Kondensation. Die Ausscheidung von Wasser aus der gasförmigen Phase erfolgt in der Regel entweder an kühleren Oberflächen oder im Fluid durch Tropfenbildung. Prinzipiell stehen in geführten Strömungen die Schaufeloberflächen oder Gehäusewände zur Kondensation zur Verfügung. Aufgrund der geringen Temperaturdifferenzen unter stationären Betriebsbedingungen ist der Wärmeübergang allerdings gering, so dass von einer zur Berandung adiabaten Strömung ausgegangen werden kann. Somit ist die Kondensation an den strömungsführenden, festen Oberflächen von keiner oder nur von untergeordneter Bedeutung. Stets dominiert die Kondensation im Fluid in Form von Tropfen.

Eine optimierte Auslegung der Niederdruckturbine kann nur unter Berücksichtigung der aus unterkühlten Bedingungen kondensierten Tröpfchen und deren Interaktion mit der Beschaufelung erfolgen.

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  1. Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Hamburg, Deutschland

    Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Franz Joos

  2. Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Hamburg, Deutschland

    Dr.-Ing. Niklas Neupert

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  1. FB Maschinenbau, FH Münster , Steinfurt, Germany

    Stefan aus der Wiesche

  2. FB Maschinenbau und Energietechnik, Helmut-Schmidt-Univ. der Bundeswehr , Hamburg, Germany

    Franz Joos

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Joos, F., Neupert, N. (2018). Modellierung der Zweiphasenströmung. In: aus der Wiesche, S., Joos, F. (eds) Handbuch Dampfturbinen. Springer Vieweg, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-20630-7_5

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