Zusammenfassung
Die Region Ostasien, Heimat von etwa 2,3 Mrd. Menschen, umfasst die fünf nordostasiatischen Ländern (China, Japan, Süd- und Nordkorea, die Mongolei) und die zehn Mitgliedsstaaten des südostasiatischen Staatenverbundes ASEAN. Das Kapitel vermittelt einen historischen Überblick über die verschiedenen regionalen Organisationen und Foren in Ostasien von den Vorläufern der ASEAN bis zur 2012 ins Leben gerufenen Initiative zur Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP). Die Entwicklung des ostasiatischen Regionalismus lässt sich in drei Stufen einteilen. Die erste Phase begann Anfang der 1950er Jahre mit dem Ziel, kommunistische Aufstände vor allem in Südostasien abzuwehren und klein zu halten. Die zweite Stufe, die in den späten 1980er Jahren ihren Ausgangspunkt nahm, ist eng mit Strategien zur Steigerung des Wirtschaftswachstums und der Handelsintegration im asiatisch-pazifischen Raum verbunden. Die dritte Welle ist eng mit den Reaktionen auf die asiatischen Wirtschafts- und Finanzkrise 1997 verbunden. In diese Periode fällt vor allem das Konzept einer East Asian Community (EAC), das zum Beispiel im East Asian Summit (EAS) zumindest partiell zum Ausdruck kommt, jedoch im Sinne einer ostasiatischen Staatengemeinschaft noch nicht erreicht ist.
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Notes
- 1.
Das Kapitel wurde aus dem Englischen von Jens Heinrich übersetzt. Für eine ausführlichere Analyse der Autorin auf Englisch siehe Lien Huong Do (2018).
Zu den ASEAN-Staaten zählen Brunei, Kambodscha, Indonesien, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, die Philippinen, Singapur, Thailand und Vietnam. Osttimor ist kein ASEAN Mitglied, wird aber dennoch geographisch zu Südostasien gezählt.
- 2.
Green und Gill (2009, S. 5).
- 3.
Ebd., S. 9.
- 4.
Australien, Bangladesch, Brunei Darussalam, China, Demokratische Volksrepublik Korea, Europäische Union, Indien, Indonesien, Japan, Kambodscha, Kanada, Laos, Malaysia, Mongolei, Myanmar, Neuseeland, Pakistan, Papua Neuguinea, Philippinen, Republik Korea, Russland, Singapur, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Timor-Leste, USA, Vietnam.
- 5.
Takashi (2003, S. 252).
- 6.
Association of Southeast Asian Nations (2016).
- 7.
Severino (2010, S. 15).
- 8.
Katsumata (2009, S. 11).
- 9.
Beeson (2009, S. 35).
- 10.
Jones und Smith (2007).
- 11.
Emmers (2003, S. 23).
- 12.
Kraft (2012, S. 63).
- 13.
Takashi (2003).
- 14.
Chirathivat (2006).
- 15.
Takashi (2003).
- 16.
Australian Financial Review zitiert nach Takashi (2003).
- 17.
Takashi (2003, S. 258).
- 18.
Chirathivat (2005).
- 19.
Stubbs (2002, S. 446).
- 20.
Chirathivat (2005, S. 150–151).
- 21.
Chirathivat (2005, S. 152–153).
- 22.
- 23.
Parpart (2019).
- 24.
Ministry of Foreign Affairs Japan (2005a).
- 25.
East Asian Vision Group (2001, S. 6).
- 26.
Kita (2010, Abschn. 9).
- 27.
Junbo (2009, Abschn. 11).
- 28.
Sohn (2010, S. 500).
- 29.
Ebd., S. 506.
- 30.
Song und Yu (2014, Abschn. 14).
- 31.
Takashi (2006, S. 5).
- 32.
Zitiert nach Takashi (2006, S. 6).
- 33.
Koizomi zitiert nach Sohn (2010, S. 509).
- 34.
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan (2005b).
- 35.
Sudo 1992 zitiert nach Yeo (2006, S. 262).
- 36.
Viner (2014).
- 37.
Frost (2009).
- 38.
Elek (2008).
- 39.
Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade New Zealand (2017).
- 40.
Foreign Trade Information System (2017a).
- 41.
Foreign Trade Information System (2017b).
- 42.
Pham Quang Vinh (2015).
- 43.
Association of Southeast Asian Nations (2012).
- 44.
Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade Australia (2012).
- 45.
Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade Australia (2015).
- 46.
International Monetary Fund (2013).
- 47.
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan (2016).
- 48.
Wignaraja (2013, Abschn. 5).
- 49.
Foizee (2015).
- 50.
Palit (2016).
- 51.
- 52.
Pempel (2005, S. 24).
- 53.
Acharya (2006).
- 54.
Acharya (2006, S. 412).
- 55.
Mulgan (2009).
- 56.
Cossa et al. (2005).
- 57.
Curley und Thomas (2012).
- 58.
Wen zitiert nach Kim (2016).
- 59.
Obama (2015, Abschn. 2).
- 60.
Goto (2015).
- 61.
Ratner und Kumar (2017, Abschn. 6).
- 62.
Ebd.
- 63.
Sevastopulo et al. (2013).
- 64.
Ratner und Kumar (2017).
- 65.
Anonymous (2017, Abschn. 7).
- 66.
Do (2018).
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Do, L. (2020). Der ostasiatische Regionalismus: Entwicklung, Erfolge und Herausforderungen. In: Dosch, J., Lutz-Auras, L. (eds) Asiatischer Regionalismus im 21. Jahrhundert. Springer VS, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-20552-2_4
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