Zusammenfassung
Das Kapitel beschreibt neben der Pathologie primärer benigner und maligner Lebertumoren auch deren Ätiologie, Pathophysiologie, Therapie und Prognose. Der derzeitige Stand der molekularpathologischen Alterationen wird dargestellt, auch unter Berücksichtigung ihrer diagnostischen Wertigkeit. Die unterschiedlichen Entitäten werden unter dem Aspekt wichtiger, differentialdiagnostischer Parameter beschrieben. Die neue, aktuelle Subdifferenzierung der Leberzelladenome wird hinsichtlich ihrer klinischen Wertigkeit abgehandelt – immer vor dem Hintergrund der klinischen Bedeutung der Pathologie. Zahlreiche Abbildungen illustrieren die histopathologischen und auch makroskopischen Veränderungen. Die Tabellen fassen die Differentialdiagnosen prägnant zusammen.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
Literatur
Akifuji Y, Honjo I, Katayama S, Ishitobi S, Ueki J, Kishi K, Kato K, Nakamoto S (1992) Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the liver: a case report and review of the literature. Intern Med 31:284–288
Al-Mukhaizeem KA, Rosenberg A, Sherker AH (2004) Nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver: an under-recognized cause of portal hypertension in hematological disorders. Am J Hematol 75:225–230
Alrenga DP (1975) Primary fibrosarcoma of the liver. Case report and review of the literature. Cancer 36:446–449
Ang CS, Kelley RK, Choti MA, Cosgrove DP, Chou JF, Klimstra D, Torbenson MS, Ferrell L, Pawlik TM, Fong Y, O’Reilly EM, Ma J, McGuire J, Vallarapu GP, Griffin A, Stipa F, Capanu M, Dematteo RP, Venook AP, Abou-Alfa GK (2013) Clinicopathologic characteristics and survival outcomes of patients with fibrolamellar carcinoma: data from the fibrolamellar carcinoma consortium. Gastrointest Cancer Res 6:3–9
Anthony PP, Vogel CL, Barker LF (1973) Liver cell dysplasia: a premalignant condition. J Clin Pathol 26:217–233
Ascha MS, Hanouneh IA, Lopez R, Tamimi TA, Feldstein AF, Zein NN (2010) The incidence and risk factors of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Hepatology 51:1972–1978
Bellamy CO, Maxwell RS, Prost S, Azodo IA, Powell JJ, Manning JR (2013) The value of immunophenotyping hepatocellular adenomas: consecutive resections at one UK centre. Histopathology 62:431–445
Bosetti C, La Vecchia C, Lipworth L, McLaughlin JK (2003) Occupational exposure to vinyl chloride and cancer risk: a review of the epidemiologic literature. Eur J Cancer Prev 12:427–430
WHO classification of tumours Editorial Board (Hrsg) (2019) Digestive system tumours. Fifth edition. Volume 1. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon
Budd GT (2002) Management of angiosarcoma. Curr Oncol Rep 4:515–519
Darbari A, Sabin KM, Shapiro CN, Schwarz KB (2003) Epidemiology of primary hepatic malignancies in U.S. children. Hepatology 38:560–566
de Martel C, Maucort-Boulch D, Plummer M, Franceschi S (2015) World-wide relative contribution of hepatitis B and C viruses in hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 62:1190–1200
Dhingra S, Fiel MI (2014) Update on the new classification of hepatic adenomas: clinical, molecular, and pathologic characteristics. Arch Pathol Lab Med 138:1090–1097
Edmondson HA (1956) Differential diagnosis of tumors and tumor-like lesions of liver in infancy and childhood. AMA J Dis Child 91:168–186
Edmondson HA, Steiner PE (1954) Primary carcinoma of the liver: a study of 100 cases among 48,900 necropsies. Cancer 7:462–503
Eggel H (1901) Ueber das primäre Carcinom der Leber. Beitr Pathol Anat 30:506–604
Eggert T, McGlynn KA, Duffy A, Manns MP, Greten TF, Altekruse SF (2013) Epidemiology of fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma in the USA. Gut 62:1667–1668
El-Serag HB, Davila JA (2004) Is fibrolamellar carcinoma different from hepatocellular carcinoma? A US population-based study. Hepatology 39:798–803
Evason KJ, Grenert JP, Ferrell LD, Kakar S (2013) Atypical hepatocellular adenoma-like neoplasms with beta-catenin activation show cytogenetic alterations similar to well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinomas. Hum Pathol 44:750–758
Fernandez-Pineda I, Cabello-Laureano R (2014) Differential diagnosis and management of liver tumors in infants. World J Hepatol 6:486–495
Fernandez-Rodriguez CM, Gutierrez-Garcia ML (2014) Prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis B. World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther 5:175–182
Forner A, Gilabert M, Bruix J, Raoul JL (2014) Treatment of intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 11:525–535
Frullanti E, La Vecchia C, Boffetta P, Zocchetti C (2012) Vinyl chloride exposure and cirrhosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Dig Liver 44:775–779
Gadzijev EM, Pleskovic A, Stanisavljevic D, Ferlan-Marolt V, Trotovsek B (1998) Hepatobiliary cystadenoma can protrude and grow into the bile ducts. Hepatogastroenterology 45:1446–1451
Giannelli G, Rani B, Dituri F, Cao Y, Palasciano G (2014) Moving towards personalised therapy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: the role of the microenvironment. Gut 63:1668–1676
Goldin RD, Rose DS (1990) Focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver associated with intracranial vascular malformations. Gut 31:554–555
Gravante G, De Liguori Carino N, Overton J, Manzia TM, Orlando G (2008) Primary carcinoids of the liver: a review of symptoms, diagnosis and treatments. Dig Surg 25:364–368
Hajarizadeh B, Grebely J, Dore GJ (2013) Epidemiology and natural history of HCV infection. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 10:553–562
Haratake J, Horie A (1991) An immunohistochemical study of sarcomatoid liver carcinomas. Cancer 68:93–97
Heeringa B, Sardi A (2001) Bleeding hepatic adenoma: expectant treatment to limit the extent of liver resection. Am Surg 67:927–929
Huggins GR, Zucker PK (1987) Oral contraceptives and neoplasia: 1987 update. Fertil Steril 47:733–761
Hytiroglou P, Theise ND (1998) Differential diagnosis of hepatocellular nodular lesions. Semin Diagn Pathol 15:285–299
Ikeda H, Harada K, Sato Y, Sasaki M, Yoneda N, Kitamura S, Sudo Y, Ooi A, Nakanuma Y (2013) Clinicopathologic significance of combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma with stem cell subtype components with reference to the expression of putative stem cell markers. Am J Clin Pathol 140:329–340
Ishak KG (1979) Hepatic neoplasms associated with contraceptive and anabolic steroids. Recent Results Cancer Res 66:73–128
Ito Y, Uesaka Y, Takeshita S, Fujino H, Uta Y, Yasuda H, Oshima M, Kawabe T, Tagawa K, Unuma T et al (1990) A case report of primary fibrosarcoma of the liver. Gastroenterol Jpn 25:753–757
Jarnagin WR, Weber S, Tickoo SK, Koea JB, Obiekwe S, Fong Y, DeMatteo RP, Blumgart LH, Klimstra D (2002) Combined hepatocellular and cholangiocarcinoma: demographic, clinical, and prognostic factors. Cancer 94:2040–2046
Ribeiro MAF Jr., Papaiordanou F, Goncalves JM, Chaib E (2010) Spontaneous rupture of hepatic hemangiomas: a review of the literature. World J Hepatol 2:428–433
Katsuda S, Kawahara E, Matsui Y, Ohyama S, Nakanishi I (1988) Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the liver: a case report and review of the literature. Am J Gastroenterol 83:1278–1282
Katsuramaki T, Nagayama M, Kimura Y, Meguro M, Furuhata T, Mukaiya M, Hirata K, Koito K, Hareyama M, Ikeda T, Satoh M (2003) Hepatocellular adenoma presenting as a giant multicystic tumor of the liver. J Gastroenterol 38:516–518
Katzenstein HM, Krailo MD, Malogolowkin MH, Ortega JA, Qu W, Douglass EC, Feusner JH, Reynolds M, Quinn JJ, Newman K, Finegold MJ, Haas JE, Sensel MG, Castleberry RP, Bowman LC (2003) Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma in children and adolescents. Cancer 97:2006–2012
Kayler LK, Merion RM, Arenas JD, Magee JC, Campbell DA, Rudich SM, Punch JD (2002) Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of the liver disseminated to the peritoneum treated with liver transplantation and interferon alpha-2B. Transplantation 74:128–130
Kim K, Choi J, Park Y, Lee W, Kim B (1998) Biliary cystadenoma of the liver. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 5:348–352
Kim SH, Park YN, Lim JH, Choi GH, Choi JS, Kim KS (2014) Characteristics of combined hepatocelluar-cholangiocarcinoma and comparison with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Eur J Surg Oncol 40:976–981
Kim YI, Yu ES, Lee KW, Park EU, Song HG (1987) Dedifferentiated liposarcoma of the liver. Cancer 60:2785–2790
Kirstein MM, Vogel A (2014) The pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Dig Dis 32:545–553
Klatskin G (1977) Hepatic tumors: possible relationship to use of oral contraceptives. Gastroenterology 73:386–394
Knox CD, Anderson CD, Lamps LW, Adkins RB, Pinson CW (2003) Long-term survival after resection for primary hepatic carcinoid tumor. Ann Surg Oncol 10:1171–1175
Lederman SM, Martin EC, Laffey KT, Lefkowitch JH (1987) Hepatic neurofibromatosis, malignant schwannoma, and angiosarcoma in von Recklinghausen’s disease. Gastroenterology 92:234–239
Lee SS, Kim MH, Lee SK, Jang SJ, Song MH, Kim KP, Kim HJ, Seo DW, Song DE, Yu E, Lee SG, Min YI (2004) Clinicopathologic review of 58 patients with biliary papillomatosis. Cancer 100:783–793
Lindgren A, Olsson R (1993) Liver damage from low-dose oral contraceptives. J Intern Med 234:287–292
Lipshutz GS, Brennan TV, Warren RS (2002) Thorotrast-induced liver neoplasia: a collective review. J Am Coll Surg 195:713–718
Liu M, Jiang L, Guan XY (2014) The genetic and epigenetic alterations in human hepatocellular carcinoma: a recent update. Protein Cell 5:673–691
Lyburn ID, Torreggiani WC, Harris AC, Zwirewich CV, Buckley AR, Davis JE, Chung SW, Scudamore CH, Ho SG (2003) Hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma: sonographic, CT, and MR imaging appearances. AJR Am J Roentgenol 180:1359–1364
Marquardt JU, Thorgeirsson SS (2014) Next-generation genomic profiling of hepatocellular adenomas: a new era of individualized patient care. Cancer Cell 25:409–411
Mayo SC, Mavros MN, Nathan H, Cosgrove D, Herman JM, Kamel I, Anders RA, Pawlik TM (2014) Treatment and prognosis of patients with fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma: a national perspective. J Am Coll Surg 218:196–205
Meister P (1996) Malignant fibrous histiocytoma: histomorphological pattern or tumor type. Pathol Res Pract 192:877–881
Mettlin C, Natarajan N (1981) Studies on the role of oral contraceptive use in the etiology of benign and malignant liver tumors. J Surgical Oncol 18:73–85
Mistry AM, Gorden DL, Busler JF, Coogan AC, Kelly BS (2012) Diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma. J Gastrointest Cancer 43:521–525
Molina E, Hernandez A (2003) Clinical manifestations of primary hepatic angiosarcoma. Dig Dis Sci 48:677–682
Nakahama M, Takanashi R, Yamazaki I, Machinami R (1989) Primary fibrosarcoma of the liver. Immunohistochemical and electron microscopic studies. Acta Pathol Jpn 39:814–820
Nakanuma Y, Tsutsui A, Ren XS, Harada K, Sato Y, Sasaki M (2014) What are the precursor and early lesions of peripheral intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma? Int J Hepatol 2014:805973
Nault JC, Bioulac-Sage P, Zucman-Rossi J (2013) Hepatocellular benign tumors-from molecular classification to personalized clinical care. Gastroenterology 144:888–902
Njei B, Konjeti VR, Ditah I (2014) Prognosis of patients with fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma versus conventional hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gastrointest Cancer Res 7:49–54
O’Connor K, Walsh JC, Schaeffer DF (2014) Combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC-CC): a distinct entity. Ann Hepatol 13:317–322
O’Leary MR, Hill RB, Levine RA (1982) Peritoneoscopic diagnosis of primary leiomyosarcoma of liver. Hum Pathol 13:76–78
O’Sullivan MJ, Swanson PE, Knoll J, Taboada EM, Dehner LP (2001) Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma with unusual features arising within mesenchymal hamartoma of the liver: report of a case and review of the literature. Pediatr Dev Pathol 4:482–489
Parham DM, Reynolds AB, Webber BL (1995) Use of monoclonal antibody 1H1, anticortactin, to distinguish normal and neoplastic smooth muscle cells: comparison with anti-alpha-smooth muscle actin and antimuscle-specific actin. Hum Pathol 26:776–783
Pilati C, Letouze E, Nault JC, Imbeaud S, Boulai A, Calderaro J, Poussin K, Franconi A, Couchy G, Morcrette G, Mallet M, Taouji S, Balabaud C, Terris B, Canal F, Paradis V, Scoazec JY, de Muret A, Guettier C, Bioulac-Sage P, Chevet E, Calvo F, Zucman-Rossi J (2014) Genomic profiling of hepatocellular adenomas reveals recurrent FRK-activating mutations and the mechanisms of malignant transformation. Cancer Cell 25:428–441
Raft MB, Jørgensen EN, Vainer B (2015) Gene mutations in hepatocellular adenomas. Histopathology 66:910–921
Sasaki M, Sato H, Kakuda Y, Sato Y, Choi JH, Nakanuma Y (2014) Clinicopathological significance of “subtypes with stem-cell feature” in combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma. Liver Int 35:1024–1035
Schwartz G, Colanta A, Gaetz H, Olichney J, Attiyeh F (2008) Primary carcinoid tumors of the liver. World J Surg Oncol 6:91
Seki S, Sakaguchi H, Kitada T, Tamori A, Takeda T, Kawada N, Habu D, Nakatani K, Nishiguchi S, Shiomi S (2000) Outcomes of dysplastic nodules in human cirrhotic liver: a clinicopathological study. Clin Cancer Res 6:3469–3473
Sempoux C, Jibara G, Ward SC, Fan C, Qin L, Roayaie S, Fiel MI, Schwartz M, Thung SN (2011) Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: new insights in pathology. Semin Liver Dis 31:49–60
Shafizadeh N, Genrich G, Ferrell L, Kakar S (2014) Hepatocellular adenomas in a large community population, 2000 to 2010: reclassification per current World Health Organization classification and results of long-term follow-up. Hum Pathol 45:976–983
Soga J (2002) Primary hepatic endocrinomas (carcinoids and variant neoplasms). A statistical evaluation of 126 reported cases. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 21:457–468
Soini Y, Welsh JA, Ishak KG, Bennett WP (1995) p53 mutations in primary hepatic angiosarcomas not associated with vinyl chloride exposure. Carcinogenesis 16:2879–2881
Stocker JT (2001) Hepatic tumors in children. Clin Liver Dis 5:259–281
Stoot JH, Coelen RJ, De Jong MC, Dejong CH (2010) Malignant transformation of hepatocellular adenomas into hepatocellular carcinomas: a systematic review including more than 1600 adenoma cases. HPB 12:509–522
Tannapfel A, Anhalt K, Hausermann P, Sommerer F, Benicke M, Uhlmann D, Witzigmann H, Hauss J, Wittekind C (2003) Identification of novel proteins associated with hepatocellular carcinomas using protein microarrays. J Pathol 201:238–249
Tannapfel A, Wasner M, Krause K, Geissler F, Katalinic A, Hauss J, Mossner J, Engeland K, Wittekind C (1999) Expression of p73 and its relation to histopathology and prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 91:1154–1158
Tannapfel A, Wittekind C (2001) Preneoplasia of the liver. Definition – differential diagnosis – clinical consequences. Pathologe 22:399–406
Tannapfel A, Wittekind C (2002) Genes involved in hepatocellular carcinoma: deregulation in cell cycling and apoptosis. Virch Arch 440:345–352
Tarocchi M, Polvani S, Marroncini G, Galli A (2014) Molecular mechanism of hepatitis B virus-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. World J Gastroenterol 20:11630–11640
Theurillat JP, Vavricka SR, Went P, Weishaupt D, Perren A, Leonard-Meier C, Bachli EB (2003) Morphologic changes and altered gene expression in an epithelioid hemangioendothelioma during a ten-year course of disease. Pathol Res Pract 199:165–170
Tischoff I, Tannapfel A (2007) Hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma – different prognosis, pathogenesis and therapy. Zentralbl Chir 132:300–305
Valla D, Benhamou JP (1988) Liver diseases related to oral contraceptives. Dig Dis 6:76–86
van Aalten SM, de Man RA, IJzermans JN, Terkivatan T (2012) Systematic review of haemorrhage and rupture of hepatocellular adenomas. Br J Surg 99:911–916
von Hochstetter AR, Hattenschwiler J, Vogt M (1987) Primary osteosarcoma of the liver. Cancer 60:2312–2317
Wada Y, Jimi A, Nakashima O, Kojiro M, Kurohiji T, Sai K (1998) Schwannoma of the liver: report of two surgical cases. Pathol Int 48:611–617
Walsh R, Harrington J, Beneck D, Ozkaynak MF (2004) Congenital infantile hepatic hemangioendothelioma type II treated with orthotopic liver transplantation. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 26:121–123
Watanabe S, Okita K, Harada T, Kodama T, Numa Y, Takemoto T, Takahashi T (1983) Morphologic studies of the liver cell dysplasia. Cancer 51:2197–2205
Weihrauch M, Bader M, Lehnert G, Koch B, Wittekind C, Wrbitzky R, Tannapfel A (2002) Mutation analysis of K-ras-2 in liver angiosarcoma and adjacent nonneoplastic liver tissue from patients occupationally exposed to vinyl chloride. Environ Mol Mutagen 40:36–40
Weihrauch M, Markwarth A, Lehnert G, Wittekind C, Wrbitzky R, Tannapfel A (2002) Abnormalities of the ARF-p53 pathway in primary angiosarcomas of the liver. Hum Pathol 33:884–892
Weihrauch TR (2002) Pharmacogenetics – implications for health management and health care economics. Med Klin (Munich) 97:420–428
Wittekind C (2017) TNM-Klassifikation maligner Tumoren. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim
Wright NB, Skinner R, Lee RE, Craft AW (1993) Myxoid liposarcoma of the porta hepatis in childhood. Pediatr Radiol 23:620–621
Young SJ (1975) Primary malignant neurilemmona (schwannoma) of the liver in a case of neurofibromatosis. J Pathol 117:151–153
Zheng SL, Yip VS, Pedica F, Prachalias A, Quaglia A (2015) Intrahepatic bile duct mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma: a case report and review of the literature. Diagn Pathol 10:204
Zucman-Rossi J, Jeannot E, Nhieu JT, Scoazec JY, Guettier C, Rebouissou S, Bacq Y, Leteurtre E, Paradis V, Michalak S, Wendum D, Chiche L, Fabre M, Mellottee L, Laurent C, Partensky C, Castaing D, Zafrani ES, Laurent-Puig P, Balabaud C, Bioulac-Sage P (2006) Genotype-phenotype correlation in hepatocellular adenoma: new classification and relationship with HCC. Hepatology 43:515–524
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer-Verlag GmbH Deutschland, ein Teil von Springer Nature
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Tannapfel, A. (2020). Tumoren der Leber. In: Tannapfel, A., Klöppel, G. (eds) Pathologie. Pathologie. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04557-8_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04557-8_11
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-04556-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-04557-8
eBook Packages: Medicine (German Language)