Abstract
Laurids S. Lauridsen applies a Chinese proverb “two tigers cannot occupy the same mountain” to describe the situation related to the stronger participation of China in the evolving regional order. The author sees an emerging regional situation in which the One Belt One Road (OBOR) initiative has taken regional competition and infrastructure diplomacy to an elevated level. By examining an empirical case of high-speed railway projects in Thailand, this chapter seeks to analyse regional rivalry between Japan and China, and the evolving alternative regional order in terms of tangible forms of infrastructure development.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
- 1.
- 2.
This strange procedure was due public concern about high-speed (Interview C). The following interviews were made during fieldwork in late February 2016: A: Dr. Pichet Kunadhamraks, Office of Transport Planning (OTP), Ministry of Transport (MoT); B: Danucha Pichayanan, Senior Advisor for Policy and Plan, Infrastructure project office, the National Economic and Social Planning Board (NESDB). C: Former MoT public official; D: Consultant George Abonyi; E: Professor Chulacheeb Chinwanno, Department of Political Science, Thammasat University.
- 3.
On the other hand, by having Nakhon Ratchasima as the terminus, the Thai side still have some leverage in relation to China for whom the HSR line makes little sense OBOR-wise if the Nakhon Ratchasima – Nong Khai HSR route (yellow line 4 in Fig. 9.1) is not constructed.
References
Abe, Shinzo. 2015. The Future of Asia: Be Innovative. Speech by Prime Minister Shinzo Abe at the Banquet of the 21st International Conference on the Future of Asia, May 21. Available at http://japan.kantei.go.jp/97_abe/statement/201505/0521foaspeech.html
———. 2017. Asia’s Dream. Linking the Pacific and Eurasia. Speech by Prime Minister Shinzo Abe at the Banquet of the 23rd International Conference on The Future of Asia, June 5. Available at http://japan.kantei.go.jp/97_abe/statement/201706/1222768_11579.html
Amornrat, Mahitthirook. 2016a. Beijing Plans to Reveal Rail Route Stance. Bangkok Post, October 22. Available at http://m.bangkokpost.com/news/transport/1116341/beijing-plans-to-reveal-rail-route-stance
Amornrat, M. Mahitthirook. 2016b. Japan Splits Up High-Speed Rail Plan. Bangkok Post, June 24. Available at http://www.bangkokpost.com/print/1018377/
Arase, David. 2015. China’s Two Silk Roads Initiative: What It Means for Southeast Asia. In Southeast Asian Affairs 2015, ed. D. Singh, 25–45. ISEAS–Yusof Ishak Institute.
Asian Development Bank (ADB). 2009. Infrastructure for a Seamless Asia. A Joint Study of the Asian Development Bank and the Asian Development Bank Institute, Manila: ADB.
Attananda, Prasert. 2015. The Infrastructure Development Program for State Railway of Thailand, Slides, State Railway of Thailand (SRT). October. Available at http://eit.or.th/DownloadDocument/Infrastructure%20development%20program%20for%20SRT%20Oct%202015%20[Compatibility%20Mode].pdf
Ba, Alice D. 2016. TPP, OBOR and ASEAN: Where Will They Lead To? (RSIS Commentaries, No. 108). Singapore: Nanyang Technological University.
Bangkok Post (BP). 2016. High-Speed Rail: Japan’s Foreign Minister Visits Thailand. May 3. Available at http://www.bangkokpost.com/learning/advanced/957849/high-speed-rail-japans-foreign-minister-visits-thailand
Bank of Thailand (BoT) Statistics. 2016. Foreign Direct Investments Classified by Country 2015. Available at http://www2.bot.or.th/statistics/ReportPage.aspx?reportID=654&language=eng
Beeson, Mark, and Fujian Li. 2014. China’s Regional Relations. Evolving Foreign Policy Dynamics. London: Lynne Rienner Publ.
———. 2016. China’s Place in Regional and Global Governance: A New World Comes into View. Global Policy 7 (4): 491–499.
BMI (Business Monitor International Ltd). 2016. Thailand Infrastructure Report. Q4 2016. BMI Research.
Borger, Julian. 2016. Trump Dumps the TPP. Conservatives Rue Strategic Fillip to China, The Guardian. November 23. Available at https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/nov/23/trump-dumps-the-tpp-conservatives-rue-strategic-fillip-to-china
Breslin, Shaun. 2010. Comparative Theory, China, and the Future of East Asian Regionalism(s). Review of International Studies 36: 709–729.
Busbarat, Pongphisoot. 2016. ‘Bamboo Swirling in the Wind’: Thailand’s Foreign Policy Imbalance Between China and the United States. Contemporary Southeast Asia 38 (2): 233–257.
Callahan, William A. 2016. China’s ‘Asia Dream’: The Belt Road Initiative and the New Regional Order. Asian Journal of Comparative Politics 1 (3): 226–243.
China Daily. 2013. October 12th “Premier Li Makes Four-Point Proposal to Upgrade Ties with Thailand.” Available at http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2013livisiteastasia/2013-10/12/content_17026008.htm
Dent, Christopher M. 2008. The Asian Development Bank and Developmental Regionalism in East Asia. Third World Quarterly 29 (4): 767–786.
Dian, Matteo. 2016. Power Shifts and Regional Orders. United States, China and Competitive Regionalism in East Asia. Paper Presented at 57th Annual Convention, International Studies Association, Atlanta (GA), 16–19 March.
Economist Intelligence Unit (EiU). 2015. Country Report Thailand. April: 26–28. Growth Dynamo in Investment.
———. 2016a. Country Report Thailand. January: 27–29. China, Japan and the Case for Thailand’s Railways.
———. 2016b. Country Report Thailand. October Data.
Ferdinand, Peter. 2016. Westward ho – The China Dream and ‘One Belt, One Road’: Chinese Foreign Policy Under Xi Jinping. International Affairs 92 (4): 941–957.
Goh, Evelyn. 2013. The Struggle for Order: Hegemony, Hierarchy, and Transition in Post-Cold War East Asia. Oxford: Oxford Press.
Hettne, Bjørn. 2005. Beyond the ‘New’ Regionalism. New Political Economy 10 (4): 543–571.
Hong, Zhao. 2016. AIIB Portents Significant Impact on Global Financial Governance. ISEAS Perspective, (41), July 15, Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies (ISEAS) Yusof Ishak Institute.
Ishida, Masami. 2008. GMS Economic Cooperation and Its Impact on CLMV Development. In Development Strategy for CLMV in the Age of Economic Integration, ERIA Research Project Report 2007–4, ed. Sotharith, C., 115–140. Chiba: IDE-JETRO. Available at http://www.eria.org/publications/research_project_reports/images/pdf/PDF%20No.4/No.4-part1-4-GMS.pdf
Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). 2012. JICA’s Regional Cooperation in ASEAN. November. Available at https://www.jica.go.jp/english/publications/brochures/c8h0vm000000k9k0-att/jica_asean.pdf
———. 2016. Corridor Development Approach. Available at https://www.jica.go.jp/english/publications/brochures/c8h0vm000000k9k0-att/japan_brand_07.pdf
Jayasuriya, Kanishka. 2003. Introduction: Governing the Asia Pacific – Beyond the ‘New Regionalism’. Third World Quarterly 24 (2): 199–215.
Koga, Kei. 2016. Japan’s “Strategic Coordination” in 2015: ASEAN, Southeast Asia, and Abe’s Diplomatic Agenda. In Southeast Asian Affairs 2016, ed. M. Cook and D. Singh, 67–80. ISEAS–Yusof Ishak Institute.
Kunapdamraks, Phichet. 2016. Thailand’s Transport Infrastructure Development Strategy 2015–2022. Office of Transport Planning, Ministry of Transport, Slides presentation.
Larkin, Stuart. 2015. Multiple Challenges for the AIIB. ISEAS Perspectives, Issue 2015, No. 33, July, Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies (ISEAS) Yusof Ishak Institute.
Lee, John. 2015. Strategic Possibilities and Limitations for Abe’s Japan in Southeast Asia. Trends in Southeast Asia (8). Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies (ISEAS) Yusof Ishak Institute.
Lee, Donna, and Brian Hocking. 2010. Economic Diplomacy. In The International Studies Encyclopedia, ed. Robert A. Denemark, vol. II, 1216–1227. Chichester, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.
Li, Keqiang. 2015. Remarks by H.E. Li Keqiang Premier of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China at the 18th China-ASEAN Summit. Available at http://english.gov.cn/premier/speeches/2015/11/24/content_281475241254129.htm
———. 2016. Remarks by H.E. Li Keqiang Premier of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China at the 19th China-ASEAN Summit to Commemorate the 25th Anniversary of China-ASEAN Dialogue Relations. Available at http://english.gov.cn/premier/speeches/2016/09/09/content_281475437552250.htm
Lin, Justin Y. 2015. ‘One Belt and One Road’ and Free Trade Zones – China’s New Opening-Up Initiatives. Frontiers of Economics in China 10 (4): 585–590.
Lu, Guangsheng. 2016. China Seeks to Improve Mokong Subregional Co-operation: Causes and Policies. RSiS Policy Report, February, Singapore: S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies.
Mansfield, Edward D., and Etel Solingen. 2010. Regionalism. Annual Review Political Science 13: 145–163.
Mazza, Michael. 2015. China and Japan’s Battle for Influence in Southeast Asia. The National Interest, October 5. Available at http://nationalinterest.org/feature/china-japans-battle-influence-southeast-asia-14006
Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI). 2016. “The Expanded Partnership for Quality Infrastructure” Initiative Directed Toward the G7 Ise-Shima Summit Meeting, May 23. Available at http://www.meti.go.jp/english/press/2016/0523_01.html
Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA). 2015. New Tokyo Strategy 2015 for Mekong-Japan Cooperation (MJC2015). July 4. Available at http://www.mofa.go.jp/s_sa/sea1/page1e_000044.html
Minjiang, Li. 2015. China’s ‘One Belt, One Road’ Initiative: New Round Opening Up? RSIS Commentary, No. 050, March 11. Singapore: S. Rajaratham School of International Studies.
Nopparat, Chaichalearmmongkol. 2016. Thailand Calls Off Deal for China to Finance Railway. Wall Street Journal, March 25. Available at http://www.wsj.com/articles/thailand-calls-off-deal-for-china-to-finance-railway-1458899503
Norris William, J. 2016. Chinese Economic Statecraft: Commercial Actors, Grand Strategy and State Control. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Oba, Mie. 2016. TPP, RCEP, and FTAAP: Multilayered Regional Economic Integration and International Relations. Asia-Pacific Review 23 (1): 100–114.
Obama, Barak. 2015. Remarks by the President in State of the Union Address, White House Release, January 20. Available at https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2015/01/20/remarks-president-state-union-address-january-20-2015
Ono, Yukako, and Horishi Kotani. 2017. China and Japan Set for Another High-Speed Railway Fight. Nikkei Asian Review, February 6, 2017. Available at http://asia.nikkei.com/Politics-Economy/International-Relations/Thailand-Malaysia-to-start-talks-for-high-speed-railway
Panda, Ankit. 2016. Pacific Rim States Can (and Will) Move Forward Without the US. The Diplomat. November 22. Available at http://thediplomat.com/2016/11/pacific-rim-states-can-and-will-move-forward-on-trade-without-the-us/
Parameswaran, Prashanth. 2016. China-Thailand Rail Project Back on Track with Cost Agreement. The Diplomat, September 21. Available at http://thediplomat.com/2016/09/china-thailand-rail-project-back-on-track-with-cost-agreement/
Pham, Quang M. 2015. ASEAN’s Indispensable Role in Regional Construction. Asia-Pacific Review 22 (2): 82–101.
Pratruangkrail, Petchanet, and Jeerapong Prasertpolkrung. 2015. Government Signs Pact over Rice and Rubber with China. The Nation, December 4. Available at http://www.nationmultimedia.com/news/national/aec/30274285
Rolland, Nadege. 2015. “China’s New Silk Road.” The National Bureau of Asian Research (NBR), NBR Commentary, February 12. Available at http://nbr.org/research/activity.aspx?id=531
Singh, Bhubhindar, Sarah Teo, and Benjamin. 2017. Rising Sino-Japanese Competition: Perspectives from South-East Asian Elites. Australian Journal of International Affairs 71 (1): 105–120.
Storey, Ian. 2015. Thailand’s Post-coup Relations with China and America: More Beijing, Less Washington. Trends in Southeast Asia, (20). Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies (ISEAS) Yusof Ishak Institute.
Summers, Tim. 2016. China’s ‘New Silk Roads’: Sub-national Regions and Networks of Global Economy. Third World Quarterly 37 (9): 1628–1643.
Swaine, Michael D. 2015. Chinese Views and Commentary on the ‘One Belt, One Road’ Initiative. China Leadership Monitor 47: 1–24.
The Nation (TN). 2015a. V on High-Speed Railway Proposed. February 11. Available at http://www.nationmultimedia.com/politics/JV-on-high-speed-railway-proposed-30253809.html
The Nation (TN). 2015b. Cabinet Approves Pact with Japan on High-Speed Railway. May 26. Available at http://www.nationmultimedia.com/breakingnews/Cabinet-approves-pact-with-Japan-on-high-speed-rai-30260966.html
The Nation (TN). 2016a. Talks on Thai-Chinese Railway Hit Snags. July 30. Available at http://www.nationmultimedia.com/news/business/EconomyAndTourism/30291712
The Nation (TN). 2016b. Somkid Pushes High-Speed Rail, Commercial Development. August 2. Available at http://www.nationmultimedia.com/news/business/EconomyAndTourism/30291914
The Nation (TN). 2016c. Cabinet Backs Sino-Thai High-Speed Railway Deal. August 24. Available at http://www.nationmultimedia.com/news/business/EconomyAndTourism/30293648
The Nation (TN). 2016d. Thailand, China Agree on $5 Billion Cost for Rail Project’s First Phase. September 21. Available at http://www.nationmultimedia.com/news/breakingnews/30295846
The Nation (TN). 2016e. 4 High Speed Rail Projects in FY 2017 Investment Plan. November 1. Available at http://www.nationmultimedia.com/news/business/macroeconomics/30298825
The Nation (TN). 2017. Fragility of Sino-Thai Ties Exposed. June 26. Available at http://www.nationmultimedia.com/news/opinion/kavi/30319094
The National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC). 2015. Visions and Actions on Jointly Building Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st Century Maritime Silk Road. March 28, First Edition. Available at http://en.ndrc.gov.cn/newsrelease/201503/t20150330_669367.html
Theparat, Chatrudee. 2016. High Speed Rail: Japan’s Foreign Minister Visits Thailand. Bangkok Post, May 3. Available at http://www.bangkokpost.com/learning/work/957849/high-speed-rail-japans-foreign-minister-visits-thailand
Tow, William. 2016. U.S.–Southeast Asia Relations in the Age of the Rebalance. In Southeast Asian Affairs 2016, ed. M. Cook and D. Singh, 35–54. ISEAS–Yusof Ishak Institute.
Wang, Yong. 2016. Offensive for Defensive: The Belt and Road Initiative and China’s New Grand Strategy. The Pacific Review 29 (3): 455–463.
Wesley, Michael. 2015. Trade Agreements and Strategic Rivalry in Asia. Australian Journal of International Affairs 69 (5): 479–495.
Wilson, Jeffrey D. 2015. Commentary: Mega-Regional Trade Deals in the Asia-Pacific: Choosing Between the TPP and RCEP? Journal of Contemporary Asia 45 (2): 345–353.
Xi, Jinping. 2015. Xi Jinping’s Keynote Speech at the Boao Forum for Asia Annual Conference 2015 on March 28. Available at http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/opinion/2015-03/30/content_19946480.htm
Ye, Min. 2015. China and Competing Cooperation in Asia-Pacific: TPP, RCEP, and the New Silk Road. Asian Security 11 (3): 206–224.
Yoon, Suthichai. 2016. Thai-Chinese Rail Project: Next Stop to Nowhere Station. The Nation, March 31. Available at http://www.nationmultimedia.com/news/opinion/suthichaiyoon/30282897
Yoshimatsu, Hidetaka. 2017. Japan’s Export of Infrastructure Systems: Pursuing Twin Goals Through Developmental Means. The Pacific Review 30 (4): 494–512.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Lauridsen, L.S. (2019). Changing Regional Order and Railway Diplomacy in Southeast Asia with a Case Study of Thailand. In: Xing, L. (eds) Mapping China’s ‘One Belt One Road’ Initiative. International Political Economy Series. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92201-0_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92201-0_9
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-92200-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-92201-0
eBook Packages: Political Science and International StudiesPolitical Science and International Studies (R0)