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Pigment Dispersion Syndrome and Pigmentary Glaucoma

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Albert and Jakobiec's Principles and Practice of Ophthalmology

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Abstract

Pigment dispersion syndrome is characterized by the abnormal release of pigment from the posterior surface of the iris and its redistribution to other ocular structures. Examination of the peripheral iris configuration can help identify patients that are more likely to exhibit pigment release such as those that are severely concave. Patients with a planar or convex iris are less likely to actively disperse pigment. While characteristic pigment release on the corneal endothelium known as a Krukenberg spindle is the most common clinical sign of pigment dispersion syndrome, it is not entirely specific for the condition. The only pathognomonic sign of pigment dispersion is a zonular ring of pigment deposited on the posterior lens capsule. This will remain even after the Krukenberg spindle disappears, the iris transillumination defects fade away, and the trabecular meshwork pigment washes out. Sustained and extensive pigment deposition within the trabecular meshwork can lead to elevated intraocular pressure and glaucomatous optic neuropathy, a condition referred to as pigmentary glaucoma. Treatment options for pigmentary glaucoma mimic those of primary open angle glaucoma with few key exceptions. Judicious use of laser energy is required when performing laser trabeculoplasty on pigmentary glaucoma patients in order to prevent a clinically significant intraocular pressure spike. The role of laser iridotomy in the management of pigment dispersion syndrome and pigmentary glaucoma remains controversial.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cook County Health, Chicago, IL, USA

    Thomas D. Patrianakos & Michael C. Giovingo

  2. Ophthalmology, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA

    Louis R. Pasquale

Authors
  1. Thomas D. Patrianakos
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  2. Michael C. Giovingo
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  3. Louis R. Pasquale
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Louis R. Pasquale .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ophthalmology, Oregon Health & Science University Department of Ophthalmology, Portland, OR, USA

    Daniel Albert

  2. Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA

    Joan Miller

  3. Department of Ophthalmology, University of Illinois at Chicago Department of Ophthalmology, Chicago, IL, USA

    Dimitri Azar

  4. Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Lucy H. Young

Section Editor information

  1. New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, New York, USA

    James C. Tsai

  2. Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, USA

    Yang Sun

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Patrianakos, T.D., Giovingo, M.C., Pasquale, L.R. (2020). Pigment Dispersion Syndrome and Pigmentary Glaucoma. In: Albert, D., Miller, J., Azar, D., Young, L.H. (eds) Albert and Jakobiec's Principles and Practice of Ophthalmology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90495-5_171-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90495-5_171-1

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  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-90495-5

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