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Consumer Protection in Brazil: The 2016 Report for the International Academy of Consumer Law

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Enforcement and Effectiveness of Consumer Law

Part of the book series: Ius Comparatum - Global Studies in Comparative Law ((GSCL,volume 27))

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Abstract

Until 1960, the Brazilian legislation opts for a restricted and strictly criminal approach when addressing issues related to the right to consumer protection. In 1971, the National Chamber of Deputies receives a bill that aimed to create a Council for Consumer Protection. The Commission of Justice on procedural grounds rejected the project. However, from that time on, the issue of consumer protection attracted the attention of the media and various social players, especially in regards to the problem of misleading advertising.

The Authors appreciate the material, translations and suggestions made by Amanda Flávio de Oliveira, Ana Cândida Muniz Cripriano and Jonas Sales (Brasilcon), Flávia do Canto (PROCON-RS), Bernardo Vieira Torres de Teive e Argolo (SENACON, Ministry of Justice), Marilena Lazzarini and Elici Bueno (IDEC), Rosana Grinberg (FNDC), and Carlos André Acioli, Lúcia Souza D’Aquino and Laís Bergstein (UFRGS, Research Group CNPq Mercosul, Direito do Consumidor e Globalização).

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Notes

  1. 1.

    See Fonseca (2013), pp. 29–54.

  2. 2.

    Ibidem, p. 31.

  3. 3.

    Lei 7.347 de 24 julho de 1985.

  4. 4.

    Fonseca (2011), pp. 115–155.

  5. 5.

    See Marques (2016a), pp. 115 f.

  6. 6.

    See Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/. The last census is from 2010 and it has show a population of 190,732,694 persons. Source: http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/censo2010/default.shtm.

  7. 7.

    See more information in Sodré (2007), pp. 148 ff.

  8. 8.

    Marques (2013), pp. 226 ff.

  9. 9.

    See Marques (2016b), pp. 99 f.

  10. 10.

    See Fonseca (2016). The author sustains that “Le recours au CDC n’implique aucunement que son application soit exclusive. Plutôt, signifie que son statut hiérarchique, lorsque appliqué en complémentarité avec d’autres normes, les normes plus spécifiques qui s’appliqueraient mais qui sont incompatibles avec les principes et les règles du CDC deviennent nulles” at p. 279.

  11. 11.

    See Jayme (1995).

  12. 12.

    See more than 1484 quotation at the Superior Court of Justice site, www.stj.jus.gov.

  13. 13.

    Marques (2012b), pp. 18 f.

  14. 14.

    Decree 7.963, 18 March 2013.

  15. 15.

    Fonseca (2014), pp. 113–156.

  16. 16.

    Decree 7.738 du 28 May 2012.

  17. 17.

    See Marques (2010), pp. 47 f.

  18. 18.

    Loi sur la protection du consommateur, LQ 1978, c 9.

  19. 19.

    Ley 26/1984, de 19 de julio, General para la Defensa de los Consumidores y Usuarios.

  20. 20.

    Lei 29/81 de 22 de Agosto de 1981.

  21. 21.

    Lei Federal de Protección al Consumidor, promulguée le 5 février 1976.

  22. 22.

    Decreto-lei número 446 de 25 outubro de 1986.

  23. 23.

    Gesetz zur Regelung des Rechts der Allgemeinem Geschaeftsbedingungen—AGB-Gesetz, 9 Dezember 1976, BGBI. 1976, I-3317.

  24. 24.

    See Benjamim and Grinover (2007), pp. 9–10.

  25. 25.

    Marques (2012a), p. 153.

  26. 26.

    See Fonseca (2016).

  27. 27.

    See Marques (2006), p. 145.

  28. 28.

    See Marques (2016a).

  29. 29.

    See for all discussion in regard to the role played by Brazilian actors in charge of consumer laws enforcement, Fonseca (2016), pp. 368–399, 414–428.

  30. 30.

    See Miragem (2016), pp. 803 ff.

  31. 31.

    See http://sindecnacional.mj.gov.br/SindecNacional/graficos/SelecionaGraficoForm.jsp?tp=sindec.

  32. 32.

    Fonseca (2011).

  33. 33.

    This data was provided by the Executive Director of the Rio de Janeiro Court of Justice, Mrs. Beatriz Gaspar.

  34. 34.

    See for a brief summary of the Brazilian legal aid broadness, Fonseca (2010), pp. 283–299.

  35. 35.

    See http://www.cnj.jus.br/gestao-e-planejamento/gestao-e-planejamento-do-judiciario/pesquisa-de-satisfacao-e-clima-organizacional.

  36. 36.

    See the ‘usuários’ document in http://www.cnj.jus.br/gestao-e-planejamento/gestao-e-planejamento-do-judiciario/pesquisa-de-satisfacao-e-clima-organizacional, pp. 6 f.

  37. 37.

    “La plupart des normes composant le CDC sont des normes ouvertes et générales qui comptent sur un engagement effectif du pouvoir judiciaire en vue de leur interprétation et, à travers celle-ci, l’avancement du droit de la consommation”. Fonseca (2016), p. 416.

  38. 38.

    Sodre (2007).

  39. 39.

    See the official information about these agencies: http://www.brasil.gov.br/governo/2009/11/agencias-reguladoras.

  40. 40.

    Remedi (2013).

  41. 41.

    According to Fonseca, the fact that the contract is not the main pillar of the Brazilian consumer law results in a wider protection based upon a collective dimension, therefore distant from the liberal ideology. Fonseca (2016), p. 555.

  42. 42.

    See e.g. the UFRGS Clinic, in http://www.ufrgs.br/saju.

  43. 43.

    See http://www.autorregulacaobancaria.com.br/.

  44. 44.

    In 2015, 38.9% of the cases are from TV advertising, 38.3% from Internet, 15% from external media, 4.2% News, 2.7% Newspapers, see Boletim do CONAR, 35 anos, http://www.conar.org.br/.

  45. 45.

    See Fonseca (2011).

  46. 46.

    “Il est donc possible d’introduire dans une même action collective une demande de protections des int érêts collectifs (la demande d’annulation d’une clause abusive) et une demande de protection des intérêts individuels homogènes. Tel serait le cas, par exemple, d’une clause abusive insérée dans un contrat d’adhésion. Si le parquet entame une action collective et demande la nullité de cette clause, les droits collectifs de tous ceux ayant signé le même contrat d’adhésion se trouveront protégés. S’il y a eu des dommages causés par cette clause, le parquet peut encore demander l’indemnisation. Certains systèmes mixtes reconnaissent encore la juxtaposition de la protection des intérêts diffus, comme le système brésilien. Par exemple, lorsqu’ on ajoute une exigence du fournisseur, l’enjoignant de ne pas insérer une pareille clause dans les futurs contrats”. Fonseca (2016), p. 475.

  47. 47.

    That is why Fonseca nominates the Brazilian collective redress system of “mixed system”, regarding the objective and the subjective criteria. The first classification calls for an injunction (prevention lawsuit) or a class action (compensation) whereas the subjective classification concerns the plaintiff. The author considers it a strong point in the Brazilian consumer system. Fonseca (2016), pp. 171–183 and 255–290.

  48. 48.

    See http://rs.consumidorvencedor.mp.br/.

  49. 49.

    Source: http://rs.consumidorvencedor.mp.br/pesquisa-nacional?p_p_id=mprjcadastrodecisoesbuscafederada_WAR_mprjcadastrodecisoesportlet&p_p_lifecycle=0&_mprjcadastrodecisoes buscafederada_WAR_mprjcadastrodecisoesportlet_keywords=a%C3%A7%C3%B5es+coletivas&_mprjcadastrodecisoesbuscafederada_WAR_mprjcadastrodecisoesportlet_fisrtPage=true&_mprjcadastrodecisoesbuscafederada_WAR_mprjcadastrodecisoesportlet_efeitoCheckbox=&_mprjcadastrodecisoesbuscafederada_WAR_mprjcadastrodecisoesportlet_jspPage=%2Fhtml%2Fbuscafederada%2Fview_search.jsp.

  50. 50.

    See Fonseca (2016), where the author makes a critical analysis on each of Brazilian undergoing reforms on pp. 291–314 and 332–350. See also Fonseca (2014).

  51. 51.

    Boa Vista Seguros e Mercados Endividamento Inadimplência - Mitos e Verdades 2012 Research Report, September 2012, http://www1.boavistaservicos.com.br/upload/mkt/mercados_endividamento2012.pdf. This research conducted at national level is the third book of the series “Markets”. Estadão conteúdo, “Pesquisa de novos aponta 35 milhões tomadores of crédito” Estadão [São Paulo], 27 September 2012.

  52. 52.

    For a more detailed explanation, see Fonseca (2016). The author conclues that “ce qui est vrai du cadre normative l’est aussi du système institutionnel” at p. 556.

  53. 53.

    Fonseca recognizes three pillars in the Brazilian consumer system: (1) the collective perspective of consumer law, (2) the constitutional status assured (3) and the concept of vulnerability as a guiding principle Fonseca (2013).

  54. 54.

    The Brazilian Constitution dates of 1988.

  55. 55.

    The Brazilian Consumer Protection Code dates of 1990.

  56. 56.

    Brazil. STF, RE 441.318, rel. Min. Marco Aurélio, j. 25/10/2005, DJU 24/2/2006.

  57. 57.

    Fonseca sustains that the Brazilian consumer law “s’est vu contraint de prendre ses distances par rapport à une logique libérale fondée sur la primauté du droit privé, l’autonomie des volontés et la protection individuel”. Fonseca (2016), p. 548.

  58. 58.

    Marques (2016b), p. 66.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil

    Claudia Lima Marques

  2. Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Brazil

    Patricia Galindo da Fonseca

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  1. Claudia Lima Marques
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  2. Patricia Galindo da Fonseca
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Correspondence to Claudia Lima Marques .

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  1. Department of Law, Badia Fiesolana, European University Institute, San Domenico di Fiesole, Italy

    Hans-W. Micklitz

  2. Faculty of Law, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada

    Geneviève Saumier

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Marques, C.L., Fonseca, P.G.d. (2018). Consumer Protection in Brazil: The 2016 Report for the International Academy of Consumer Law. In: Micklitz, HW., Saumier, G. (eds) Enforcement and Effectiveness of Consumer Law. Ius Comparatum - Global Studies in Comparative Law, vol 27. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78431-1_4

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