Skip to main content

Supporting the “Elite” Transition in South Africa: Policing in a Violent, Neoliberal Democracy

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Police Abuse in Contemporary Democracies

Abstract

In this chapter, Marlea Clarke argues that South Africa’s high levels of police abuse need to be understood as part of a wider social conflict over the limited nature of South Africa’s transition from apartheid and the role of neoliberalism in it. She shows how the adoption of neoliberalism has shaped social conflict, police actions, and police reform in the country through an examination of the growing civil society protests, high levels of violent crime, and the government’s response to both. She finds that neoliberalism has created an environment in which police abuse has flourished, directed at suspected criminals and at striking workers and social movements engaged in what the government is quick to label as “violent and unruly behavior” that hampers the economy.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 69.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 89.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Adam, Heribert, and Kogila Moodley. 1986. South Africa Without Apartheid: Dismantling Racial Domination. Berkeley: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arias, Enrique Desmond, and Daniel Goldstein, eds. 2010. Violent Democracies in Latin America. Durham and London: Duke University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bassett, Carolyn, and Marlea Clarke. 2008. “The Zuma Affair: Labour and the Future of Democracy in South Africa.” Third World Quarterly 29 (4): 787–803.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berger, Sebastien. 2008. “‘Kill the bastards’ South African Police Advised.” The Telegraph, April 10. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1584641/Kill-the-bastards-South-African-police-advised.html (last accessed November 22, 2017).

  • Bezuidenhout, Andries, and Sakhela Buhlungu. 2010. “From Compounded to Fragmented Labour: Mineworkers and the Demise of Compounds in South Africa.” Antipode 43 (2): 237–63.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bhana, B.D. 2003. “Custody-Related Deaths in Durban, South Africa 1998–2000.” American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology 24 (2): 202–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bond, Patrick. 2000. Elite Transition: From Apartheid to Neoliberalism in South Africa. London and Sterling, VA: Pluto Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bond, Patrick. 2002. Geopolitics of Jo’burg Protests: Independent Left Beats Ruling Part (Briefing Paper). Durban: Centre for Civil Society.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bonner, Michelle. 2014. Policing Protest in Argentina and Chile. Boudler: First Forum (Lynn Rienner).

    Google Scholar 

  • Brewer, John. 1989. “The Police in South African Politics.” In South Africa: No Turning Back, edited by Shaun Johnson, 258–82. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brewer, John, Adrian Guelke, Ian Hume, and Edward Moxon-Browne. 1988. “South Africa.” In The Police, Public Order and the State. London: Macmillan Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brogden, Mike, and Clifford Shearing. 1993. Policing for a New South Africa. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bruce, David. 2002. “New Wine from an Old Cask? The South African Police Service and the Process of Transformation.” Paper presented at John Jay College of Criminal Justice, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bruce, David. 2005. “Interpreting the Body Count: South African Statistics on Lethal Police Violence.” South African Review of Sociology 36 (2): 18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bruce, David. 2007. “Good Cops? Bad Cops? Assessing the South African Police Service.” South African Crime Quarterly 21 (September): 15–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bruce, David. 2012a. “The Road to Marikana: Abuses of Force during Public Order Operations.” The South African Civil Society Information Service. http://sacsis.org.za/site/article/1455 (last accessed November 22, 2017).

  • Bruce, David. 2012b. Marikana and the Doctrine of Maximum Force. ebook: Mampoer Shorts.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bruce, David, and Gareth Newham. 2007. In Service of the People’s Democracy: An Assessment of the South African Police Service (Research Report). Johannesburg: Centre for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bundy, Colin. 2014. Short-Changed? South Africa Since Apartheid. Auckland Park: Jacana.

    Google Scholar 

  • Calland, Richard. 2013. The Zuma Years: South Africa’s Changing Face of Power. Cape Town: Zebra Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cawthra, Gavin. 1993. Policing South Africa: The SAP and the Transition from Apartheid. London: Zed Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cawthra, Gavin. 1997. Securing South Africa’s Democracy: Defence, Development and Security in Transition. London: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Chatterjee, Partha. 2004. The Politics of the Governed: Reflections on Popular Politics in Most of the World. New York: Columbia University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clarke, Marlea. 2015. “Social Policy in South Africa: Cushioning the Blow of the Recession?” In The Global Crisis and Social Policy, edited by Stephen McBride, Gerard Boychuk and Rianne Mahon. Vancouver: UBC Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Darley, John M. 2005. “On the Unlikely Prospect of Reducing Crime Rates by Increasing the Severity of Prison Sentences.” Journal of Law and Policy 13 (1): 189–208.

    Google Scholar 

  • de Kok, Annie and Elrena van der Spuy. 2015. “Inquiries into Policing 1910–2015.” South African Crime Quarterly 53 (September): Online Supplement.

    Google Scholar 

  • Department of Labour. 2013. Annual Industrial Action Report, Department of Labour. South Africa. http://www.labour.gov.za/DOL/documents/annual-reports/industrial-action-annual-report/2013/annual-industrial-action-report-2013 (last accessed November 22, 2017).

  • Desai, Ashwin. 2002. We Are the Poors! Community Struggles in Post-apartheid South Africa. New York: Monthly Review Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Diphoorn, Tessa G. 2016. Twilight Policing. Oakland: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dippenaar, Marius de Witt 1988. The History of the South African Police, 1913–1988. Pretoria: Promedia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dixon, Bill. 2015. “A Violent Legacy: Policing Insurrection in South Africa from Sharpeville to Marikana.” The British Journal of Criminology 6 (1): 1131–48.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • du Toit, Andries, and David Neves. 2008. Chronic and Structural Poverty in South Africa—An Overview (Report for the Chronic Poverty Research Centre). Cape Town: Institute for Poverty, Land and Agrarian Studies.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eastwood, Victoria. 2013. “Bigger than the Army: South Africa’s Private Security Forces.” CNN. http://www.cnn.com/2013/02/08/business/south-africa-private-security/index.html (last accessed November 22, 2017).

  • ENS. 2002. “Summit Protestors Face Police Brutality.” ENS-News, August 26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gordon, Diana. 2009. Transformation & Trouble. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hart, Gillian. 2013. Rethinking the South African Crisis: Nationalism, Populism, Hegemony. Durban: University of KwaZulu-Natal Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hornberger, Julia. 2013. “From General to Commissioner to General—On the Popular State of Policing in South Africa.” Law and Social Inquiry 38 (3): 16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Human Rights Watch. 2001. “World Report 2001: South Africa.” Human Rights Developments. https://www.hrw.org/legacy/wr2k1/africa/southafrica.html (last accessed November 22, 2017).

  • Iaccino, Ludovica. 2016. “South Africa Forced Evictions: Who are the Red Ants?” International Business Times, May 24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Independent Complaints Directorate. 2004. Annual Report 2003–4 Independent Complaints Directorate. Pretoria: Independent Complaints Directorate.

    Google Scholar 

  • Independent Police Investigative Directorate. 2016. Annual Report 2015/2016. Pretoria: Independent Police Investigative Directorate.

    Google Scholar 

  • Irish, Jenny. 1999. “Policing for Profit: The Future of South Africa’s Private Security Industry.” In Monograph No. 39, edited by Martin Schönteich. Pretoria, South Africa: Institute for Security Studies.

    Google Scholar 

  • McMichael, Christopher. 2016. “Police Wars and State Repression in South Africa.” Journal of Asian and African Studies 51 (1): 3–16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Narayan, Ambar, and Sandeep Mahajan. 2013. The State of Opportunities in South Africa: Inequality among Children and in the Labour Market. Washington: World Bank, Poverty Reduction and Equity Department.

    Google Scholar 

  • North, Douglass C., John Joseph Wallis, Steven B. Webb, and Barry R. Weingast. 2012. In the Shadow of Violence: Politics, Economics and the Problems of Development. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Patel, Raj. 2011. Foreword. In No Land! No House! No Vote! edited by Symphony Way Pavement Dwellers. Cape Town: Pambazuka Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Philip, Kate. 1989. “The Private Sector and the Security Establishment.” In War and Society: The Militarisation of South Africa, edited by Jacklyn Cock and Laurie Nathan. Cape Town: David Philip.

    Google Scholar 

  • Powell, D.M., M. O’Donovan, and J. De Visser. 2014. Civic Protests Barometer 2007–2014. Cape Town: Dullah Omar Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rauch, Janine. 1996. The 1996 National Crime Prevention Strategy. Braamfontein, South Africa: Centre for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation, Institute for Security Studies.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rauch, Janine. 2000. “Police Reform and South Africa’s Transition.” In Crime and Policing in Transitional Societies: Conference Proceedings, edited by Mark Shaw. Johannesburg, South Africa: University of Witswatersrand.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shaw, Mark. 2002. Crime and Policing in Post-apartheid South Africa. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steinberg, Jonny, ed. 2001. Crime Wave. The South African Underworld and Its Foes. Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tenza, Mlungisi. 2015. “An Investigation into the Causes of Violent Strikes in South Africa: Some Lessons from Foreign Law and Possible Solutions.” Law, Democracy & Development 19 (1): 211–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • van der Spuy, Elrena. 2007. “Managerialist Pathways Toward ‘Good Policing’: Observations from South Africa.” In Crafting Transnational Policing, edited by Andrew Goldsmith and James Sheptycki, 263–92. Oxford and Portland: Hart Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • von Holdt, Karl. 2013. “South Africa: The Transition to Violent Democracy.” Review of African Political Economy 40 (138): 589–604.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Waller, Irvin. 2006. Less Law More Order: The Truth about Reducing Crime. London: Praeger.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zuma, Jacob. 2014. “State of the Nation Address.” Speech, Cape Town, February 13, 2014. http://www.gov.za/node/632440 (last accessed November 22, 2017).

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Clarke, M. (2018). Supporting the “Elite” Transition in South Africa: Policing in a Violent, Neoliberal Democracy. In: Bonner, M., Seri, G., Kubal, M., Kempa, M. (eds) Police Abuse in Contemporary Democracies. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72883-4_8

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics