Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) remains an effective method for treating a multitude of malignant or nonmalignant disorders. While in autologous HSCT, patients receive their own stem cells after myeloablation, allogeneic HSCT implies using stem cells derived from a donor. It is often a last curative option, however, associated with a considerable risk of early and long-term complications. Acute complications determine the future course of illness, have a bearing on chronic complications, and overall quality of life. Similar to acute graft-versus-host disease, complications till day+100 posttransplant are included under acute complications. These include endothelial pathologies like engraftment syndrome (ES), transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA-TMA), veno-occlusive disease of liver (VOD), capillary leak syndrome, and others which include noninfectious pulmonary complications, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES), infections (bacterial/fungal/viral), acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD), mucositis, and graft failure. It is important to recognize these complications at the earliest, for implementing suitable interventions, salvaging the graft and to prevent any disease relapse.
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Abbreviations
- ADAMTS13:
-
A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13
- ADCC:
-
Antibody-mediated cellular cytotoxicity
- ADV:
-
Adenovirus
- aGVHD:
-
Acute graft-versus-host disease
- AML:
-
Acute myeloid leukemia
- ARDS:
-
Acute respiratory distress syndrome
- ASCT:
-
Autologous stem cell transplant
- BAL:
-
Bronchoscopic alveolar lavage
- BEAM:
-
BCNU (Carmustine), Etoposide, Ara-C (Cytarabine), Melphalan
- BOS:
-
Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome
- CBT:
-
Cord blood transplant
- CDC:
-
Complement-dependent cytotoxicity
- CLS:
-
Capillary leak syndrome
- CMV:
-
Cytomegalo virus
- CNIs:
-
Calcineurin inhibitors
- COP:
-
Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia
- CSA:
-
Cyclosporine A
- CY/TBI:
-
Cyclophosphamide/Total-body irradiation
- DAH:
-
Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage
- DFS:
-
Disease-free survival
- DLI:
-
Donor lymphocyte infusion
- DPTS:
-
Delayed pulmonary toxicity syndrome
- ES:
-
Engraftment syndrome
- FDA:
-
Food and Drug Administration
- GCSF:
-
Granulocyte colony stimulating factor
- HSCT:
-
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
- HSV:
-
Herpes simplex virus
- IPS:
-
Idiopathic pneumonia syndrome
- IVIg:
-
Intravenous immunoglobulin
- KGF:
-
Keratinocyte growth factor
- LDH:
-
Lactate dehydrogenase
- MAC:
-
Myelo-ablative conditioning
- MASCC-ISOO:
-
Multinational association of supportive care in cancer and international society of oral oncology
- MEL:
-
Melphalan
- MM:
-
Multiple myeloma
- MODS/MOF:
-
Multiorgan dysfunction/failure
- MRI:
-
Magnetic resonance imaging
- NCI CTCAEv5.0:
-
National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events
- NMA:
-
Nonmyeloablative
- NRM:
-
Nonrelapse mortality
- OS:
-
Overall survival
- PAI-1:
-
Plasminogen activator inhibitor – 1
- PAP:
-
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
- PCT:
-
Procalcitonin
- PCT:
-
Pulmonary cytolytic thrombi
- POEMS:
-
Polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, M-protein, skin changes
- PRES:
-
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome
- PTLD:
-
Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease
- REG3α:
-
Regenerating islet-derived 2-alpha
- RIC:
-
Reduced intensity conditioning
- SOS:
-
Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome
- SPI:
-
Solid-phase immunoassays
- ST-2:
-
Suppressor of tumorigenicity-2
- TA-TMA:
-
Transplant-associated thrombotic micro-angiopathy
- TBI:
-
Total body irradiation
- TIPS:
-
Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt
- TNF:
-
Tumor necrosis factor
- TPE:
-
Therapeutic plasma exchange
- TPN:
-
Total parenteral nutrition
- TPO-RAs:
-
Thrombopoietin receptor agonists
- TRALI:
-
Transfusion-associated acute lung injury
- VOD:
-
Veno-occlusive disease of liver
- vWF:
-
von-Willebrand factor
- WHO:
-
World Health Organization
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Mirgh, S., Khattry, N. (2020). Acute Complications in Stem Cell Transplantation. In: Chandy, M., Radhakrishnan, V.S., Sukumaran, R. (eds) Contemporary Bone Marrow Transplantation. Organ and Tissue Transplantation. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64938-2_6-1
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