Abstract
The cryopreservation of hematopoietic stem progenitor cells for therapeutic applications has been a major development in the field, allowing optimal planning and adequate treatment of patients. Cryopreservation also facilitates biobanking and portability, allowing stem cell grafts to be distributed to recipients across the globe. However, reliable methods for the freezing and thawing of cells are essential to ensure both the longevity of frozen cells and their survival once thawed. Apart from its use for hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells in autologous and allogeneic transplants, cryopreservation is also being increasingly used for other cell-based therapies, including immunotherapy (e.g., the engineering of T lymphocytes against cancer cells) and gene therapy (e.g., the gene-editing of autologous hematopoietic stem progenitor cells to treat single gene mutation defects such as sickle cell disease). The advantages and disadvantages of various cryoprotectants and cryopreservation methods are discussed in detail in this chapter. This discussion is limited to methods of freezing umbilical cord blood or bone marrow derived blood cells, the adverse reactions that may occur with cell infusion, and how these reactions may be mitigated. Although dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) remains the most commonly used cryoprotectant, and controlled-rate slow freezing is the most reliable and commonly used cryopreservation technique to freeze hematopoietic grafts, newer techniques, including liquid nitrogen-free cryopreservation, are emerging. There is still much progress to be made moreover in the process of freezing tissues or cells in three-dimensional cultures or embedded in scaffolds for bioengineering purposes.
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Mahmud, N. (2020). Cryopreservation of Stem Cell Product. In: Chandy, M., Radhakrishnan, V.S., Sukumaran, R. (eds) Contemporary Bone Marrow Transplantation. Organ and Tissue Transplantation. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64938-2_16-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64938-2_16-1
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