Abstract
This chapter focuses on the EU’s track record of integrating, or mainstreaming, environmental objectives into in its development policy. The chapter sets out the relevant legal and policy framework before briefly introducing the main policy instruments into which environmental objectives can be integrated, such as the Development Cooperation Instrument and the European Development Fund, as well as the Global Public Goods and Challenges (GPGC) programme. The chapter then empirically examines how effectively environmental integration is implemented in the 2014–2020 development cycle in Ghana with a specific focus on climate policy integration. Despite changes to the EU development policy and practice over the years, difficulties still remain in integrating the environment in practice. At times environmental objectives can even appear at odds with development objectives.
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Notes
- 1.
Article 6 TEC is now Article 11 TFEU under the Lisbon Treaty.
- 2.
The new policy document will also replace the Agenda for Change , which was introduced by the Commission but not agreed as a joint EU policy by the Parliament.
- 3.
Interview EU official. Accra, 16 February 2015.
- 4.
Interview, EU official. Brussels, 16 January 2015.
- 5.
Interview, DG DEVCO official. Brussels, 16 January 2015.
- 6.
Interview DG CLIMA official. 10 February 2015, Brussels; EU official.
- 7.
Interview EU official. 16 February 2015, Accra; EU official.
- 8.
Interview EU official. 24 February 2015, Accra.
- 9.
Interview DG CLIMA official. 10 February 2015, Brussels.
- 10.
Interview DG DEVCO official. Brussels, 16 January 2015.
- 11.
Interview DG CLIMA official. 10 February 2015, Brussels.
- 12.
Interview EU official. 16 February 2015, Accra.
- 13.
Interview EU official. 24 February 2015, Accra.
- 14.
Interview EU official. 24 February 2015, Accra.
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Adelle, C., Delputte, S., De Roeck, F., Nicholson, S. (2018). Environmental Instruments in Development Cooperation: Promoting Better Development and Environmental Outcomes?. In: Adelle, C., Biedenkopf, K., Torney, D. (eds) European Union External Environmental Policy. The European Union in International Affairs. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60931-7_5
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