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Overview of WTO Jurisprudence in 2015 Involving the EU as a Main Party and Selected Cases with Third-Party Participation by the EU

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European Yearbook of International Economic Law 2017

Part of the book series: European Yearbook of International Economic Law ((EUROYEAR,volume 8))

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Abstract

This article presents an overview of the World Trade Organization (WTO) disputes resolved in 2015 in which the EU participated as the complaining party or the defending party. These disputes were China – Measures Imposing Anti-Dumping Duties on High-Performance Stainless Steel Seamless Tubes (“HP-SSST”), Argentina – Measures Affecting the Importation of Goods (in both cases the EU as complainant) and EC – Definitive Anti-Dumping Measures on Certain Iron or Steel Fasteners from China (EU as defendant). On each of these cases, this article provides an overview of the key Panel and Appellate Body findings, and a few observations. The article also addresses two cases in which the EU participated as third party, namely, Peru – Additional Duty on Imports of Certain Agricultural Products and US – Country of Origin Labelling (COOL) Requirements (Article 21.5). For the latter two cases, the article highlights the facts of those disputes, the key rulings by the WTO Panel (and the Appellate Body, where relevant), as well as the most salient positions expressed by the EU as third party.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    DS454 and DS460.

  2. 2.

    DS438, 444, 445.

  3. 3.

    DS397.

  4. 4.

    Bohanes et al. (2016), p. 672 et seqq.

  5. 5.

    DS457.

  6. 6.

    DS384, 386.

  7. 7.

    Panel Report, Argentina – Import Measures, WT/DS438/R, WT/DS444/R, WT/DS445/R, paras. 6.166–6.177 (for the requirement to balance imports with exports); paras. 6.178–6.195 (for the requirement to limit the volume and value of imports); paras. 6.196–6.207 (for the local content requirement); paras. 6.208–6.212 (for the investment requirement); paras. 6.213–6.216 (for the requirement not to repatriate profits from Argentina).

  8. 8.

    Panel Report, Argentina – Import Measures, para. 6.228.

  9. 9.

    Panel Report, Argentina – Import Measures, paras. 6.249–6.263.

  10. 10.

    Panel Report, Argentina – Import Measures, para. 6.264.

  11. 11.

    These criteria had been applied by the Appellate Body in challenges against the United States’ unwritten “zeroing” methodology in anti-dumping investigations. See for instance, Appellate Body Report, US – Zeroing (EC), WT/DS294/AB/R, para. 198.

  12. 12.

    Appellate Body Report, Argentina – Import Measures, WT/DS438/AB/R, WT/DS444/AB/R, WT/DS445/AB/R, paras. 5.140–5.145.

  13. 13.

    Panel Report, Argentina – Import Measures, paras. 6.329–6.342.

  14. 14.

    Appellate Body Report, Argentina – Import Measures, paras. 5.151–5.184.

  15. 15.

    Panel Report, Argentina – Import Measures, paras. 6.433–6.445.

  16. 16.

    Panel Report, Argentina – Import Measures, paras. 6.471–6.473.

  17. 17.

    Panel Report, Argentina – Import Measures, paras. 6.476–6.478.

  18. 18.

    Panel Report, Argentina – Import Measures, paras. 6.273–6.294.

  19. 19.

    Panel Report, Argentina – Import Measures, para. 6.63.

  20. 20.

    EU first written submission to the Panel, http://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2014/march/tradoc_152222.doc.pdf (last accessed 1 March 2017).

  21. 21.

    Panel Report, China – HP-SSST, WT/DS454/R, WT/DS460/R, paras. 7.83–7.86.

  22. 22.

    Panel Report, China – HP-SSST, para. 7.99 et seq.

  23. 23.

    Panel Report, China – HP-SSST, para. 7.114.

  24. 24.

    Appellate Body Report, China – HP-SSST, WT/DS454/AB/R, WT/DS460/AB/R, para. 5.164.

  25. 25.

    Emphasis added.

  26. 26.

    Appellate Body Report, China – HP-SSST, paras. 5.178–5.181.

  27. 27.

    Appellate Body Report, US – GOES, WT/DS414/AB/R, para. 127.

  28. 28.

    Appellate Body Report, China – HP-SSST, paras. 5.202–5.205.

  29. 29.

    Appellate Body Report, China – HP-SSST, paras. 5.202–5.205.

  30. 30.

    Appellate Body Report, China – HP-SSST, para. 5.133.

  31. 31.

    Appellate Body Report, China – HP-SSST, paras. 5.129–131.

  32. 32.

    Council Implementing Regulation (EU) No 924/2012 of 4 October 2012 amending Regulation (EC) No 91/2009 imposing a definitive anti-dumping duty on imports of certain iron or steel fasteners originating in the People's Republic of China, OJ 2012 L 275/1.

  33. 33.

    Panel Report, EC – Fasteners (Article 21.5), WT/DS397/RW, para. 7.42.

  34. 34.

    Panel Report, EC – Fasteners (Article 21.5), para. 7.50 et seq.

  35. 35.

    Appellate Body Report, EC – Fasteners (Article 21.5), WT/DS397/AB/RW, para. 5.38.

  36. 36.

    Appellate Body Report, EC – Fasteners (Article 21.5), para. 5.54.

  37. 37.

    Appellate Body Report, EC – Fasteners (Article 21.5), para. 5.55.

  38. 38.

    Appellate Body Report, EC – Fasteners (Article 21.5), para. 5.62.

  39. 39.

    Appellate Body Report, EC – Fasteners (Article 21.5), para. 5.72.

  40. 40.

    Panel Report, EC – Fasteners (Article 21.5), para. 7.88 referring to Appellate Body Report, EC – Tube or Pipe Fittings, WT/DS219/AB/R, para. 142.

  41. 41.

    Appellate Body Report, EC – Tube or Pipe Fittings, para. 149.

  42. 42.

    Panel Report, EC – Fasteners (Article 21.5), paras. 7.94 and 7.96.

  43. 43.

    Appellate Body Report, EC – Fasteners (Article 21.5), paras. 5.108 et seq. and 5.111–5.113.

  44. 44.

    Appellate Body Report, EC – Fasteners (Article 21.5), paras. 5.101–5.103.

  45. 45.

    Appellate Body Report, EC – Fasteners (Article 21.5), paras. 5.116–5.118.

  46. 46.

    Appellate Body Report, EC – Fasteners (Article 21.5), paras. 5.121 et seq.

  47. 47.

    Appellate Body Report, EC – Fasteners (Article 21.5), para. 5.124.

  48. 48.

    Appellate Body Report, EC – Fasteners (Article 21.5), paras. 5.123–5.125.

  49. 49.

    Panel Report, EC – Fasteners (Article 21.5), para. 7.116.

  50. 50.

    Panel Report, EC – Fasteners (Article 21.5), paras. 7.118 et seq. and 7.123.

  51. 51.

    Appellate Body Report, EC – Fasteners (Article 21.5), paras. 5.150 and 5.152.

  52. 52.

    Appellate Body Report, EC – Fasteners (Article 21.5), para. 5.153 et seq.

  53. 53.

    Panel Report, EC – Fasteners (Article 21.5), para. 7.24 referring to Appellate Body Report, US – Upland Cotton (Article 21.5 – Brazil), WT/DS267/AB/RW, para. 210.

  54. 54.

    Appellate Body Report, EC – Bed Linen (Article 21.5 – India), WT/DS141/AB/RW, para. 93.

  55. 55.

    Appellate Body Report, US – Upland Cotton (Article 21.5 – Brazil), para. 210.

  56. 56.

    Panel Report, US – Zeroing (EC) (Article 21.5 – EC), WT/DS294/RW, paras. 8.238 et seq. and 8.243.

  57. 57.

    Appellate Body Report, US – Zeroing (EC) (Article 21.5 – EC), WT/DS294/AB/RW, paras. 427 and 432.

  58. 58.

    Appellate Body Report, Peru – Agricultural Products, WT/DS457/AB/R, para. 5.104.

  59. 59.

    EU’s third party submission, http://trade.ec.europa.eu/wtodispute/show.cfm?id=583&code=3#_eu-submissions (last accessed 1 February 2017), para. 17; EU’s third party opening statement at the first panel meeting, http://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2014/june/tradoc_152593.doc.pdf (last accessed 1 March 2017), para. 17.

  60. 60.

    Panel Report, Peru – Agricultural Products, WT/DS457/R, para. 7.65.

  61. 61.

    Panel Report, Peru – Agricultural Products, para. 7.65.

  62. 62.

    EU’s third participant submission before the Appellate Body, http://trade.ec.europa.eu/wtodispute/show.cfm?id=583&code=3#_eu-submissions (last accessed 1 March 2017), para. 30.

  63. 63.

    EU’s third participant submission before the Appellate Body, para. 29.

  64. 64.

    See Appellate Body Report, Peru – Agricultural Products, para. 5.26.

  65. 65.

    EU’s third participant submission before the Appellate Body, para. 53.

  66. 66.

    EU’s third participant submission before the Appellate Body, para. 43.

  67. 67.

    EU’s third participant submission before the Appellate Body, para. 47 et seq.

  68. 68.

    EU’s third participant submission before the Appellate Body, paras. 49–52.

  69. 69.

    Appellate Body Report, US – Airbus, WT/DS316/AB/R, para. 839.

  70. 70.

    For example, label B would read “Born and raised in Mexico, Raised and Slaughtered in the United States”.

  71. 71.

    Label D would read, for example, “Product of Canada”.

  72. 72.

    Panel Report, US – COOL (Article 21.5), WT/DS384/RW, WT/DS386/RW, paras. 7.60–7.62.

  73. 73.

    Panel Report, US – COOL (Article 21.5), para. 7.167.

  74. 74.

    Panel Report, US – COOL (Article 21.5), para. 7.266.

  75. 75.

    Panel Report, US – COOL (Article 21.5), paras. 7.283 and 7.285.

  76. 76.

    Appellate Body Report, US – COOL (Article 21.5), WT/DS384/AB/RW, WT/DS386/AB/RW, paras. 5.31–5.44.

  77. 77.

    Panel Report, US – COOL (Article 21.5), para. 7.303.

  78. 78.

    Panel Report, US – COOL (Article 21.5), para. 7.331.

  79. 79.

    Panel Report, US – COOL (Article 21.5), para. 7.424.

  80. 80.

    Panel Report, US – COOL (Article 21.5), para. 7.614.

  81. 81.

    Appellate Body Report, US – COOL (Article 21.5), paras. 5.195–5.198.

  82. 82.

    Appellate Body Report, US – COOL (Article 21.5), paras. 5.231–5.234.

  83. 83.

    Appellate Body Report, US – COOL (Article 21.5), para. 5.218.

  84. 84.

    Appellate Body Report, US – COOL (Article 21.5), paras. 5.232–5.235.

  85. 85.

    Appellate Body Report, US – COOL (Article 21.5), para. 5.247.

  86. 86.

    Appellate Body Report, US – COOL (Article 21.5), para. 5.266.

  87. 87.

    Appellate Body Report, US – COOL (Article 21.5), paras. 5.276–5.281.

  88. 88.

    Appellate Body Report, US – COOL (Article 21.5), paras. 5.285–5.287.

  89. 89.

    Appellate Body Report, US – COOL (Article 21.5), para. 5.297.

  90. 90.

    Appellate Body Report, US – COOL (Article 21.5), paras. 5.302–5.313, 5.322–5.323 and 5.339 et seq.

  91. 91.

    Panel Report, US – COOL (Article 21.5), para. 7.643.

  92. 92.

    Panel Report, US – COOL (Article 21.5), para. 6.70.

  93. 93.

    Panel Report, US – COOL (Article 21.5), paras. 6.71–6.75.

  94. 94.

    Appellate Body Report, US – COOL (Article 21.5), para. 2.29.

  95. 95.

    Appellate Body Report, US – COOL (Article 21.5), para. 5.357 et seq.

  96. 96.

    Appellate Body Report, US – COOL (Article 21.5), paras. 5.376–5.380.

  97. 97.

    Panel Report, US – COOL (Article 21.5), para. 1.10.

  98. 98.

    Panel Report, US – COOL (Article 21.5), Annex C-4, Integrated Executive Summary of the Arguments of the European Union, para. 10.

  99. 99.

    Panel Report, US – COOL (Article 21.5), Annex C-4, Integrated Executive Summary of the Arguments of the European Union, para. 11.

  100. 100.

    Panel Report, US – COOL (Article 21.5), Annex C-4, Integrated Executive Summary of the Arguments of the European Union, para. 16 et seq.

  101. 101.

    Appellate Body Report, US – COOL (Article 21.5), para. 2.225.

  102. 102.

    Appellate Body Report, US – COOL (Article 21.5), para. 2.227.

  103. 103.

    Appellate Body Report, US – COOL (Article 21.5), para. 2.228.

  104. 104.

    Appellate Body Report, US – COOL (Article 21.5), paras. 5.267–5.270.

Reference

  • Bohanes J, Sánchez A, Telychko A (2016) Overview of WTO jurisprudence in 2014. In: Bungenberg M, Herrmann C, Krajewski M, Terhechte JP (eds) European yearbook of international economic law 2016. Springer, Heidelberg, pp 651–702

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  1. Advisory Centre on WTO Law, Avenue Giuseppe Motta 31-33, 1211, Geneva 30, Switzerland

    Jan Bohanes & Kholofelo Kugler

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  1. Jan Bohanes
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Correspondence to Kholofelo Kugler .

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  1. Faculty of Law, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany

    Marc Bungenberg

  2. Faculty of Law, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany

    Markus Krajewski

  3. School of Law, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom

    Christian Tams

  4. Competition and Regulation Institute, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Lüneburg, Germany

    Jörg Philipp Terhechte

  5. Faculty of Law and Criminal Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland

    Andreas R. Ziegler

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Bohanes, J., Kugler, K. (2017). Overview of WTO Jurisprudence in 2015 Involving the EU as a Main Party and Selected Cases with Third-Party Participation by the EU. In: Bungenberg, M., Krajewski, M., Tams, C., Terhechte, J., Ziegler, A. (eds) European Yearbook of International Economic Law 2017. European Yearbook of International Economic Law, vol 8. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58832-2_21

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