Abstract
Excess presence of nitrogen and phosphorous, two fundamental prerequisites for plant photosynthesis, in water can cause noteworthy problems such as eutrophication and health issues for humans. Hence, efforts have been made to find solutions decreasing their concentrations. In addition to methods such as ion exchange, air stripping and breakpoint chlorination for nitrogen removal, and coagulantion-flocculation for phosphorous removal, biological methods for nutrient removal have also been used. In this chapter the following three categories will be discussed: nitrogen removal processes, phosphorous removal processes, and combined nitrogen/phosphorous removal processes. The basic concept of biological nitrogen removal processes relies on nitrification and denitrification which are two major steps in the nitrogen cycle. A biological nitrogen removal process should normally consist of at least one aerobic and one anoxic reactor. The Modified Ludzack and Ettinger (MLE) process and the Bardenpho process are two biological nitrogen removal processes. Biological phosphorus removal (BPR) depends on the incorporation of phosphorus into cell biomass and subsequent phosphorus removal by sludge wasting. BPR processes generally consist of an anaerobic reactor followed by anoxic or aerobic reactors such as the A/O (anaerobic/aerobic) and PhoStrip processes. Biological combined nitrogen/phosphorous removal processes contain all the three main biological conditions (aerobic, anaerobic and anoxic conditions). The A2/O (anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic) and the modified Bardenpho processes remove both nitrogen and phosphorous simultaneously.
The modified Bardenpho process is a biological process which provides special conditions for both nitrogen and phosphorous removal. This system consists of five distinct reactors which are respectively: anaerobic reactor, first anoxic reactor, first aerobic reactor, second anoxic reactor, and second aerobic reactor. Each reactor provides appropriate conditions to play its special role in the removal of wastewater impurities. Also, each reactor has specific conditions such as pH and temperature. The modified Bardenpho process’s performance in the removal of nitrogen and phosphorous is respectively excellent and good.
Since the modified Bardenpho process has five distinct bioreactors and every reactor has specific functions and required conditions, there are some critical parameters in designing the process. These parameters are nutrient removal establishment, chemical oxygen demand and nutrient ratio, hydraulic retention time, sludge retention time, recycling ratio, temperature, pH and bubble size. These parameters play specific roles in the modified Bardenpho process’s efficiency in removing wastewater impurities and should be optimized.
Due to the utilization of five biological stages in the modified Bardenpho process, not only does the modified Bardenpho process remove nitrogen and phosphorus efficiently as its main function, but it also has other benefits such as reducing chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand, total suspended solids, heavy metals and viruses.
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Banayan Esfahani, E., Asadi Zeidabadi, F., Bazargan, A., McKay, G. (2018). The Modified Bardenpho Process. In: Hussain, C. (eds) Handbook of Environmental Materials Management. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58538-3_87-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58538-3_87-2
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The Modified Bardenpho Process- Published:
- 30 July 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58538-3_87-2
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The Modified Bardenpho Process- Published:
- 29 December 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58538-3_87-1