Abstract
Textile industry wastewater (TIWW) causes serious water and soil pollution. TIWW has high pH, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total dissolved solids (TDS), total organic carbon (TOC), solids suspended (SS), total solids suspended (TSS) sulfate, nitrate, and chloride. It also has a variety of recalcitrant chemicals like dyes, detergents, salts, phenol, and metals like arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and chromium (Cr), which cause serious threats in the environment and severe health hazards in human/animals. Textile dyes are well known for its highly toxic, mutagenic, carcinogenic, and genotoxic effects on living beings. Physicochemical methods are not efficient for the removal of TIWW due to the requirement of expensive chemicals and the production of a large amount of sludge as a secondary pollutant. Whereas biological methods use different classes of microbes and plant species for the removal and treatment of dyestuff and wastewater. Combined and membrane treatments are highly effective methods for the degradation and detoxification of textile wastewater. This chapter provides an overview of the textile industry, wastewater generation, and environmental pollution. Further, toxicity profile and bioremediation methods for degradation and detoxification of TIWW are also explained in this chapter.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Al-Baldawi IA, Abdullah SRS, Anuar N, Hasan HA (2018) Phytotransformation of methylene blue from water using aquatic plant (Azolla pinnata). Environ Technol Innov 11:15–22
Ali I, Kim SR, Kim SP, Kim JO (2016) Recycling of textile wastewater with a membrane bioreactor and reverse osmosis plant for sustainable and cleaner production. Desalin Water Treat. https://doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2016.1172513
Almaamary EAS, Abdullah SRS, Hasan HA, Rahim RAA, Mushrifah I (2017) Treatment of methylene blue in wastewater using Scirpus grossus. Mal J Anal Sci 21:182–187
Azizi A, Alavi Moghaddam MR, Maknoon R, Kowsari E (2015) Innovative combined technique for high concentration of azo dye AR18 wastewater treatment using modified SBR and enhanced Fenton process as post treatment. Process Saf Environ Prot 95:255–264
Bahmani P, Rezaei Kalantary R, Esrafili A, Gholami M, Jonidi Jafari A (2013) Evaluation of Fenton oxidation process coupled with biological treatment for the removal of reactive black 5 from aqueous solution. J Environ Health Sci Eng 11(1):13
Bharagava RN, Mani S, Mulla SI, Saratale GD (2018) Degradation and decolorization potential of an ligninolytic enzyme producing Aeromonas hydrophila for crystal violet dye and its phytotoxicity evaluation. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 156:166–175
Bhatia D, Sharma NR, Singh J, Kanwar RS (2017) Biological methods for textile dye removal from wastewater. Crit Rev Environ Sci Technol 47(19):1836–1876
Bilińska L, Gmurek M, Ledakowicz S (2017) Textile wastewater treatment by AOPs for brine reuse. Process Saf Environ Prot 109:420–428
Chandanshive VV, Rane NR, Gholave AR, Patil SM, Jeon BH, Govindwar SP (2016) Efficient decolorization and detoxification of textile industry effluent by Salvinia molesta in lagoon treatment. Environ Res 150:88–96
Chandanshive VV, Rane NR, Tamboli AS, Gholave AR, Khandare RV, Govindwar SP (2017) Co-plantation of aquatic macrophytes Typha angustifolia and Paspalum scrobiculatum for effective treatment of textile industry effluent. J Hazard Mater 338:47–56
Chandanshive VV, Kadam SK, Khandare RV, Kurade MB, Jeon B-H, Jadhav JP, Govindwar SP (2018) In situ phytoremediation of dyes from textile wastewater using garden ornamental plants, effect on soil quality and plant growth. Chemosphere 210:968–976
Chen SH, Yien Ting AS (2015) Biosorption and biodegradation potential of triphenylmethane dyes by newly discovered Penicillium simplicissimum isolated from indoor wastewater sample. Int Biodeterior Biodegrad 103:1–7
Chen Y, Feng L, Li H, Wang Y, Chen G, Zhang Q (2018) Biodegradation and detoxification of Direct Black G textile dye by a newly isolated thermophilic microflora. Bioresour Technol 250:650–657
Chmelová D, Ondrejovič M (2016) Purification and characterization of extracellular laccase produced by Ceriporiopsis subvermispora and decolorization of triphenylmethane dyes. J Basic Microbiol 56(11):1173–1182
D’Souza E, Fulke AB, Mulani N, Ram A, Asodekar M, Narkhede N, Gajbhiye SN (2017) Decolorization of Congo red mediated by marine Alcaligenes sp. isolated from Indian West coast sediments. Environ Earth Sci. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-017-7077-8
Dellamatrice PM, Silva-Stenico ME, de Moraes LAB, Fiore MF, Monteiro RTR (2017) Degradation of textile dyes by Cyanobacteria. Braz J Microbiol 48(1):25–31
Devaraja S, Bharath M, Deepak K, Suganya B, Vishal BS, Swaminathan D, Meyyappan N (2017) Studies on the effect of red, blue and white LED lights on the productivity of Chlorella vulgaris to treat dye industry effluent. Adv Biotechnol Microbiol. https://doi.org/10.19080/AIBM.2017.06.555682
Devi S, Murugappan A, Kannan RR (2015) Textile dye wastewater treatment using freshwater algae in packed-bed reactor: modeling. Desalin Water Treat 57(38):17995–18002
Dogdu G, Yalcuk A (2015) Indigo dyeing wastewater treatment by eco-friendly constructed wetlands using different bedding media. Desalin Water Treat 57(32):15007–15019
El Bouraie M, El Din WS (2016) Biodegradation of reactive black 5 by Aeromonas hydrophila strain isolated from dye-contaminated textile wastewater. Sustain Environ Res 26(5):209–216
Fang Z, Song HL, Cang N, Li XN (2015) Electricity production from azo dye wastewater using a microbial fuel cell coupled constructed wetland operating under different operating conditions. Biosens Bioelectron 68:135–141
Galan J, Rodríguez A, Gomez JM (2013) Reactive dye adsorption onto a novel mesoporous carbon. Chem Eng J 219:62–68
Gupta VK, Suhas (2009) Application of low-cost adsorbents for dye removal – a review. J Environ Manag 90(8):2313–2342
Han G, Liang CZ, Chung TS, Weber M, Staudt C, Maletzko C (2016) Combination of forward osmosis (FO) process with coagulation/flocculation (CF) for potential treatment of textile wastewater. Water Res 91:361–370
Holkar CR, Jadhav AJ, Pinjari DV, Mahamuni NM, Pandit AB (2016) A critical review on textile wastewater treatments: possible approaches. J Environ Manag 182:351–366
Hua T, Haynes RJ, Zhou YF, Boullemant A, Chandrawana I (2015) Potential for use of industrial waste materials as filter media for removal of Al, Mo, As, V and Ga from alkaline drainage in constructed wetlands – adsorption studies. Water Res 71:32–41
Hussein A, Scholz M (2017) Dye wastewater treatment by vertical-flow constructed wetlands. Ecol Eng 101:28–38
Jasinska A, Paraszkiewicz K, Sip A, Długonski J (2015) Malachite green decolorization by the filamentous fungus Myrothecium roridum – mechanistic study and process optimization. Bioresour Technol 194:43–48
Ji M, Xia Q, Chen H, Cheng Q, Liu Y, Li F (2018) Treatment of typical organic pollutants in textile wastewater by direct contact membrane distillation. Environ Process. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40710-018-0292-9
Jin XC, Liu GQ, Xu ZH, Tao WY (2007) Decolorization of a dye industry effluent by Aspergillus fumigatus XC6. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 74:239–243
Kadam SK, Chandanshive VV, Rane NR, Patil SM, Gholave AR, Khandare RV, Bhosale AR, Jeon BH, Govindwar SP (2018) Phytobeds with Fimbristylis dichotoma and Ammannia baccifera for treatment of real textile effluent: an in situ treatment, anatomical studies and toxicity evaluation. Environ Res 160:1–11
Kagalkar AN, Khandare RV, Govindwar SP (2015) Textile dye degradation potential of plant laccase significantly enhances upon augmentation with redox mediators. RSC Adv 5(98):80505–80517
Khan RS, Fulekar MH (2017) Mineralization of a sulfonated textile dye Reactive Red 31 from simulated wastewater using pellets of Aspergillus bombycis. Bioresour Bioprocess. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40643-017-0153-9
Khan S, Malik A (2017) Toxicity evaluation of textile effluents and role of native soil bacterium in biodegradation of a textile dye. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25(5):4446–4458
Khan R, Bhawana P, Fulekar MH (2013) Microbial decolorization and degradation of synthetic dyes: a review. Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol 12:75–97
Khandare RV, Govindwar SP (2015) Phytoremediation of textile dyes and effluents. Current scenario and future prospects. Biotechnol Adv 33:1697–1714
Kishor R, Bharagava RN, Saxena G (2018) Industrial wastewaters: the major sources of dye contamination in the environment, ecotoxicological effects, and bioremediation approaches. In: Bharagava RN (ed) Recent advances in environment management. CRC Press Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, p 13. 978-0-8153-8314-7
Lade H, Kadam A, Paul D, Govindwar S (2016) Exploring the potential of fungal–bacterial consortium for low-cost biodegradation and detoxification of textile effluent. Arch Environ Prot 42(4):12–21
Lai C-Y, Wu C-H, Meng C-T, Lin C-W (2017) Decolorization of azo dye and generation of electricity by microbial fuel cell with laccase-producing white-rot fungus on cathode. Appl Energy 188:392–398
Lalnunhlimi S, Krishnaswamy V (2016) Decolorization of azo dyes (Direct Blue 151 and Direct Red 31) by moderately alkaliphilic bacterial consortium. Braz J Microbiol 47:39–46
Laqbaqbi M, García-Payo MC, Khayet M, El Kharraz J, Chaouch M (2018) Application of direct contact membrane distillation for textile wastewater treatment and fouling study. Sep Purif Technol. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2018.09.031
Lin J, Ye W, Baltaru MC, Tang YP, Bernstein NJ, Gao P, Balta S, Vlad M, Volodin A, Sotto A, Luis P, Zydney A, Bruggen BVD (2016) Tight ultrafiltration membranes for enhanced separation of dyes and Na2SO4 during textile wastewater treatment. J Membr Sci 514:217–228
Liu M, Lü Z, Chen Z, Yu S, Gao C (2011) Comparison of reverse osmosis and nanofiltration membranes in the treatment of biologically treated textile effluent for water reuse. Desalination 281:372–378
Liu W, Liu C, Liu L, You Y, Jiang J, Zhou Z, Dong Z (2017) Simultaneous decolorization of sulfonated azo dyes and reduction of hexavalent chromium under high salt condition by a newly isolated salt tolerant strain Bacillus circulans BWL1061. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 141:9–16
Mahmoud MS (2016) Decolorization of certain reactive dye from aqueous solution using Baker’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) strain. HBRC J 12:88–98
Martorell MM, Rosales Soro M, del M, Pajot HF, de Figueroa LIC (2017) Optimization and mechanisms for biodecoloration of a mixture of dyes by Trichosporon akiyoshidainum HP 2023. Environ Technol 39(24):3169–3180
Mnif I, Maktouf S, Fendri R, Kria M, Ellouze S, Ghribi D (2015) Improvement of methyl orange dye bio treatment by a novel isolated strain, Aeromonas veronii GRI, by SPB1 bio surfactant addition. Environ Sci Pollut Res 23(2):1742–1754
Nwoko CO (2010) Trends in phytoremediation of toxic elemental and organic pollutants. Afr J Biotechnol 9(37):6010–6016
Patil SM, Chandanshive VV, Rane NR, Khandare RV, Watharkar AD, Govindwar SP (2016) Bioreactor with Ipomoea hederifolia adventitious roots and its endophyte Cladosporium cladosporioides for textile dye degradation. Environ Res 146:340–349
Paz A, Carballo J, Perez MJ, Domínguez JM (2017) Biological treatment of model dyes and textile wastewaters. Chemosphere 181:168–177
Pensupa N, Leu SL, Hu Y, Du C, Liu H, Jing H, Wang H, Lin CSK (2017) Recent trends in sustainable textile waste recycling methods: current situation and future prospects. Top Curr Chem. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41061-017-0165-0
Rane NR, Patil SM, Chandanshive VV, Kadam SK, Khandare RV, Jadhav JP, Govindwar SP (2015) Alternanthera sp. rooted soil bed and Ipomoea aquatica rhizofiltration coupled phytoreactors for efficient treatment of textile wastewater. Water Res 96:1–11
Rane NR, Patil SM, Chandanshive VV, Kadam SK, Khandare RV, Jadhav JP, Govindwar SP (2016) Ipomoea hederifolia rooted soil bed and Ipomoea aquatica rhizofiltration coupled phytoreactors for efficient treatment of textile wastewater. Water Res 96:1–11
Revathi S, Kumar MS, Santhanam P, Kumar SD, Son N, Kim M-K (2017) Bioremoval of the indigo blue dye by immobilized microalga Chlorella vulgaris (PSBDU06). J Sci Ind Res 76:50–56
Rosu CM, Avadanei M, Gherghel D, Mihasan M, Mihai C, Trifan A, Miron A, Vochita G (2018) Biodegradation and detoxification efficiency of azo-dye reactive orange 16 by Pichia kudriavzevii CR-Y103. Water Air Soil Pollut. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-017-3668-y
Sahasrabudhe MM, Saratale RG, Saratale GD, Pathade GR (2014) Decolorization and detoxification of sulfonated toxic diazo dye C.I. Direct Red 81 by Enterococcus faecalis YZ 66. J Environ Health Sci Eng. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40201-014-0151-1
Saratale RG, Saratale GD, Chang JS, Govindwar SP (2011) Bacterial decolorization and degradation of azo dyes. J Tai Instit Chem Eng 42:138–157
Saratale RG, Saratale GD, Govindwar SP, Kim DS (2015) Exploiting the efficacy of Lysinibacillus sp. RGS for decolorization and detoxification of industrial dyes, textile effluent and bioreactor studies. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 50:176–192
Satish KR (2018) Indian textile industry: opportunities, challenges and suggestions. Trends Text Eng Fash Technol. https://doi.org/10.31031/TTEFT.2018.02.000538
Saxena G, Kishor R, Bharagava RN (2019a) Application of microbial enzymes in degradation and detoxification of organic and inorganic pollutants. In: Bioremediation of industrial waste for environmental safety. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1891-7_3
Saxena G, Kishor R, Saratale RGD, Bharagava RN (2019b) Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and their potential in environmental management: constraints, prospects and challenges. In: Bioremediation of industrial waste for environmental safety. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1891-7_3
Sen SK, Raut S, Bandyopadhyay P, Raut S (2016) Fungal decolouration and degradation of azo dyes: a review. Fungal Biol Rev 30:112–113
Seo YH, Park D, Oh Y-K, Yoon S, Han J-I (2015) Harvesting of microalgae cell using oxidized dye wastewater. Bioresour Technol 192:802–806
Shanmugam S, Ulaganathan P, Swaminathan K, Sadhasivam S, Wu Y-R (2017) Enhanced biodegradation and detoxification of malachite green by Trichoderma asperellum laccase: degradation pathway and product analysis. Int Biodeterior Biodegradation 125:258–268
Singh RL, Singh PK, Singh RP (2015) Enzymatic decolorization and degradation of azo dyes. Int Biodeterior Biodegradation 104:21–31
Sinha S, Singh R, Chaurasia AK, Nigam S (2016) Self-sustainable Chlorella pyrenoidosa strain NCIM 2738 based photo bioreactor for removal of Direct Red-31 dye along with other industrial pollutants to improve the water-quality. J Hazard Mater 306:386–394
Song L, Shao Y, Ning S, Tan L (2017) Performance of a newly isolated salt-tolerant yeast strain Pichia occidentalis G1 for degrading and detoxifying azo dyes. Bioresour Technol 233:21–29
Ting ASY, Lee MVJ, Chow YY, Cheong SL (2016) Novel exploration of endophytic Diaporthe sp. for the biosorption and biodegradation of triphenylmethane dyes. Water Air Soil Pollut 227(4):109
USEPA (1999) Announcement of stakeholders meeting on the drinking water contaminant identification and selection process, and the 6-Year Review of All Existing National Primary Drinking Water Regulations, as Required by the Safe Drinking Water Act, as Amended in 1996; Notice of Stakeholders Meeting. Fed Regist 64(198):55711
Verma AK, Dash RR, Bhunia P (2012) A review on chemical coagulation flocculation technologies for removal of colour from textile wastewaters. J Environ Manag 93:154–168
Vymazal J (2014) Constructed wetlands for treatment of industrial wastewaters: a review. Ecol Eng 73:724–751
Wang T-N, Lu L, Wang J-Y, Xu T-F, Li J, Zhao M (2015) Enhanced expression of an industry applicable Cot A laccase from Bacillus subtilis in Pichia pastoris by non-repressing carbon sources together with pH adjustment: recombinant enzyme characterization and dye decolorization. Process Biochem 50(1):97–103
Watharkar AD, Khandare RV, Waghmare PR, Jagadale AD, Govindwar SP, Jadhav JP (2015) Treatment of textile effluent in a developed phytoreactor with immobilized bacterial augmentation and subsequent toxicity studies on Etheostoma olmstedi fish. J Hazard Mater 283:698–704
Watharkar AD, Kadam SK, Khandare RV, Kolekar PD, Jeon B-H, Jadhav JP, Govindwar SP (2018) Asparagus densiflorus in a vertical subsurface flow phytoreactor for treatment of real textile effluent: a lab to land approach for in situ soil remediation. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 161:70–77
Yagub MT, Sen TK, Afroze S, Ang HM (2014) Dye and its removal from aqueous solution by adsorption: a review. Adv Colloid Interf Sci 209:172–184
Yang X, Zheng J, Lu Y, Jia R (2016) Degradation and detoxification of the triphenylmethane dye malachite green catalysed by crude manganese peroxidase from Irpex lacteus F17. Environ Sci Pollut Res 23(10):9585–9597
Zou X (2015) Combination of ozonation, activated carbon, and biological aerated filter for advanced treatment of dyeing wastewater for reuse. Environ Sci Pollut Res 22:8174–8181
Acknowledgment
Authors are highly thankful to the University Grant Commission (UGC), Government of India (GOI), New Delhi, India, for financial support for our research work.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Section Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this entry
Cite this entry
Kishor, R., Purchase, D., Ferreira, L.F.R., Mulla, S.I., Bilal, M., Bharagava, R.N. (2020). Environmental and Health Hazards of Textile Industry Wastewater Pollutants and Its Treatment Approaches. In: Hussain, C. (eds) Handbook of Environmental Materials Management. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58538-3_230-1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58538-3_230-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-58538-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-58538-3
eBook Packages: Springer Reference Chemistry and Mat. ScienceReference Module Physical and Materials ScienceReference Module Chemistry, Materials and Physics