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The Lagoa Santa Skeletons and the Cranial Morphology of the First Americans

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Archaeological and Paleontological Research in Lagoa Santa

Abstract

The physical similarities between Native Americans and Asian populations began to draw attention of early naturalists, who have speculated in the earliest chronicles of a possible relation of descent among these peoples. Based on a typological-racialist approach, physical anthropologists suggested, at the beginning of the twentieth century, that Native Americans presented a high degree of morphological homogeneity, consisting of exclusively Asian biological origin. Debates since the first half of the twentieth century, enriched by the development and relative popularization of protein polymorphisms studies, have relegated anthropometric research to a marginal position in the debate over the origins of New World Man. This scenario was only changed in the 1970s, when W. Howells began his extensive production of comparative craniometric studies. In this context, the skeletal material originated from Lagoa Santa started to occupy, since the 1990s, a prominent position in the debate about the first Americans, fomenting a new interpretive model for the origins of man in the Americas. This model is based upon the close cranial morphological similarity of the Lagoa Santa specimens with recent African and Australo-Melanesian populations rather than with other groups like recent Asian or Native Americans.

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank all those who have dedicated their efforts to the study of the origins of Native Americans. The list would be immense and impossible to reproduce here, but it is only fair to say that their contributions have been, are, and always will be an inspiration of fundamental importance for new investigations into the history of the first Americans. The research undertaken in Lagoa Santa was only possible because of the expressive support given by the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP – São Paulo Research Foundation), which benefited both authors (grant process 04/01321-6 for WAN and 05/52273-4 for DVB). During the elaboration of this manuscript, the authors were supported by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (National Council for Scientific and Technological Development – CNPq) through grant processes 300917/2010-4 (WAN) and 461122/2014-6 (DVB).

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  1. Laboratory for Studies of Biological Anthropology, Bioarchaeology and Human Evolution, Human Sciences and Information Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande, Av. Itália, Km 8, Carreiros, Rio Grande, 96201-900, RS, Brazil

    Danilo Vicensotto Bernardo

  2. Laboratory for Human Evolutionary and Ecological Studies, Department of Evolutionary Biology and Genetics in the Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, R. do Matão 277, sala 218, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

    Walter A. Neves

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  1. Danilo Vicensotto Bernardo
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Correspondence to Danilo Vicensotto Bernardo .

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  1. Laboratory for Human Evolutionary and Ecological Studies Department of Evolutionary Biology and Genetics in the Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

    Pedro Da-Gloria

  2. Laboratory for Human Evolutionary and Ecological Studies Department of Evolutionary Biology and Genetics in the Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

    Walter A. Neves

  3. Department of Anthropology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA

    Mark Hubbe

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Bernardo, D.V., Neves, W.A. (2017). The Lagoa Santa Skeletons and the Cranial Morphology of the First Americans. In: Da-Gloria, P., Neves, W., Hubbe, M. (eds) Archaeological and Paleontological Research in Lagoa Santa. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57466-0_11

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