Abstract
The Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden) shared an educational foundation until the beginning of the 1990s, when education was radically changed in all these countries except Denmark. The latter country has a long tradition of private education, which has allowed Muslims to start their schools when they started to arrive to the country. The other countries were very strict in relation to private schools in that regulations and control were strong and subsidies low. This was changed in the beginning of the 1990s, and 20 years later, Sweden had some 15 Muslim schools. The chapter uses Denmark and Sweden to illustrate the Nordic case. The other countries did not yet in 2013 have any Muslim schools, due mainly to the fact that there were few Muslim immigrants.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Al-Quds School Statue (1995). Unpublished leaflet.
Jørgen Bæk Simonsen, J. (1990). Islam i Danmark. Muslimske institutioner i Danmark 1970–1989 (Islam in Denmark. Muslim institutions in Denmark 1970–1989). Århus: Århus Universitetsforlag.
Bæk Simonsen, J. (1998). A means to change or transform images of the other private Arab schools in Denmark. In J. S. Nielsen & S. A. Khasawnih (Eds.), Arabs and the west: Mutual images. Amman: Jordan University Press.
Bekendtgørelse af lov om folkeskolen (Announcement of law the comprehensive school). (2009). LBK nr 593 af 24. juni 2009.
Bekendtgørelse af lov om friskoler og private grundskoler m.v (Law on independent and private comprehensivxe schools). (2008). LBK nr 962 af 26. September 2008.
Bekendtgørelse om formål, trin- og slutmål for folkeskolens fag og emner (Fælles Mål) (2009). (Announcment of the on pre-formulation, process and final golas of the comprehensive schools’ disciplines. Common goals). BEK nr 748 af 13. juli 2009.
Berglund, J. (2009). 2009 teaching Islam, Islamic religious education at Muslim schools in Sweden. Munster: Waxmann.
Brattlund, Å. (2009). What role of God and national curriculum in school life? A comparative study of schools with a Muslim profile in England and Sweden. PhD dissertation. Stockholm: Stockholm University.
Danish Ministry of Education. (2009). Statistik og analyse (Statistics and analysis). Copenhagen: Danish Ministry of Education.
Daun, H., Brattlund, Å., & Robleh, S. (2004). Educational strategies among some Muslim groups in Sweden. In H. Daun & G. Walford (Eds.), Muslim educational strategies in the context of globalization. Leiden: Brill Publishers.
Ebaugh, H. R. (2010). The Gülen movement. Amsterdam: Springer.
Friskoleforening, D. Fortegnelse over foreningens friskoler. (The Danish Association for Independent schools. List of indepdendent schools of the association). http://www.friskoler.dk/index.php?id=17
Hamzeh, N. A., & Hrair Dekmejian, R. (1996). A Sufi response to political Islamism: Al-Ahbash of Lebanon. The International Journal of Middle East Studies, 28(2), 217–229.
Ihle, A. H. (2007). Magt, medborgerskab og muslimske friskoler i Danmark (Power, citizenship and Muslim independent schools in Denmark). København: Institut fot Tværkulturelle og Regionale Studier.
Inglehart, R. (1997). Modernization and post-modernization: Cultural, economic and political changes in 43 countries. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Jensen, A.-M. (1987). Islamiske skoler i Danmark (Islamic schools in Denmark). In A. Olesen (Ed.), Islam og undervisning i Danmark (Islam and education in Denmark). Århus: Aarhus Universitetsforlag.
Jensen, T. (2004). Muslimske friskoler i Danmark (Muslim independent schools in Denmark). Svensk Religionshistorisk Årsskrift, 3, 79–104
Johansen, B. (2005). Imamuddannelse i europa: Udfordringer og perspektiver (Education of imams in Europe: Challanges and perspectives). København: Københavns Universitet.
Johansen, B.S. (2006). Islam at the European universities, Report II. København: Københavns Universitet.
Kühle, L. (2006). Moskeer i Danmark: Islam og muslimske bedesteder (Mosques in Denmark: Islam and Muslim places for praying). Højbjerg: Forlaget Univers.
LPO 94. (1994). Läroplan för grundskolan, 1994 (Curriculum for the comprehensive school, 1994). Stockholm, The Swedish National Board of Education.
Nielsen, J. (1992). Muslims in Western Europe. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Norris, P., & Inglehart, R. (2004). Sacred and secular: Religion and politics world-wide. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Østergaard, B. (2007). Indvandrerne i Danmarks historie. Kultur og religionsmøder (Immigrants in Denmark’s history: Cultural and religious encounters). Odense: Syddansk Universitetsforlag.
Politiken, August 28, 2009. (Danish newspaper).
Robleh, S.M. (2001). Islamic revival, education in Somalia and Qur’anic education among Somalis in Sweden. M.A. Thesis. Stockholm: Institute of International Education, Stockholm University.
SFS. (1997). Lag om ändring i skollagen (Law on change of the Education Act). SFS 1997:1212. Stockholm: Ministry of Education.
SFS. (2010). Skollag 2010:800. (Education law 2010:800). SFS 2010:100. Stockholm: Ministry of Education.
Shakoor, T. (2006). Indvandrerfriskoler i Danmark (Immigrant independent schools in Denmark). In P. B. Andersen, C. Dahlgreen, S. Johannesen, & J. Otterbeck (Eds.), Religion, skole og kulturel integration i Danmark og Sverige (Religion, school and cultural integration in Denmark and Sweden). København: Museum Tusculanums Forlag.
Shakoor, T. (2008). Formål for muslimske friskoler i Danmark: Udviklinger i formålserklæringer og vedtægter i danske friskoler for muslimske børn. (Goals of Muslim private schools in Denmark: Changes in charters and rules for private schools for Muslim children in Denmark). Tidsskrift for Islamforskning, (3).
Skolverket (1997a). Barn mellan arv och framtid. Konfessionella, etniska och språkligt inriktade skolor i ett segregationsperspektiv (Children between inheritance and future: Confessionally, ethnically and linguistically-oriented schools in a segregation perspective). Dnr 97:810. Stockholm: National Agency for Education.
Skolverket. (1997b). Fristående grundskolor and grundsärskolor (Private comprehensive schools and special comprehensive schools). Stockholm: The National Agency for Education.
Skolverket. (1999). Godkännande av fristående skolor som motsvarar grundskolan. Erfarenheter och synpunkter (Approval of independent schools that correspond to the comprehensive school: Experiences and points of view). Stockholm: National Agency for Education.
Skolverket. (2004). Skolor och elever i grundskolan, läsår 2004/05. (Schools and pupils in comprehensive school, school year 2004/05). Stockholm: The National Agency for Education.
Skolverket. (2006). Skolor och elever i grundskolan, läsår 2006/07. (Schools and pupils in comprehensive school, school year 2004/05). Stockholm: The National Agency for Education.
Skolverket. (2008). Skolor och elever i grundskolan, läsår 2008/09. (Schools and pupils in comprehensive school, school year 2004/05). Stockholm: The National Agency for Education.
Skolverket (2009). Statistik, grundskola: Elever, riksnivå. (Statistics, comprehensive school: Pupils, national level). http://www.skolverket.se. Accessed 12 Oct 2009.
Skolverket. (2010). Skolor och elever i grundskolan, läsår 2010/11. (Schools and pupils in comprehensive school, school year 2004/05). Stockholm: The National Agency for Education.
Skolverket. (2012). Skolor och elever i grundskolan, läsår 2012/13. (Schools and pupils in comprehensive school, school year 2004/05). Stockholm: The National Agency for Education.
Skolverket. (2014). Skolor och elever i grundskolan, läsår 2014/15. (Schools and pupils in comprehensive school, school year 2004/05). Stockholm: The National Agency for Education.
Skolverket (2016). Fristående grundskolor (Private comprehensive schools). http://www.skolverket.se/skolutveckling/statsbidrag/riksprislistan/bidrag-till-fritaendeskolor-1.81055. Accessed 25 July 2016.
SMES. (1997). The Swedish education system. Stockholm: The Ministry of Education and Science.
Statistics Sweden. (1998). Statistics of population, 3. Stockholm: Statistics Sweden.
Tibi, B. (1995). Culture and knowledge: The politics of Islamization of knowledge as postmodern project? The fundamentalist claim to de-westernization. Theory Culture and Society, 12, 1–24.
Tittensor, D. (2014). The house of service: The Gülen movement and Islam’s third way. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Widgren, J. (1980). Svensk invandringspolitik (Swedish immigration policy). Stockholm: Liber.
World Values Survey. (2015). http://www.worldvaluessurvey.org/WVSContents.jsp. Accessed 28 Aug 2016.
Yavuz Hakan, M. (Ed.). (2013). Toward an Islamic enlightenment: The Gülen movement. New York: Oxford University Press.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG
About this entry
Cite this entry
Simonsen, J.B., Daun, H. (2017). Islamic Education in the Nordic Countries. In: Daun, H., Arjmand, R. (eds) Handbook of Islamic Education. International Handbooks of Religion and Education, vol 7. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53620-0_29-1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53620-0_29-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-53620-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-53620-0
eBook Packages: Springer Reference EducationReference Module Humanities and Social SciencesReference Module Education