Skip to main content

Syphilis and Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections

  • Living reference work entry
  • First Online:
Atlas of Dermatology, Dermatopathology and Venereology

Abstract

Bacterial agents of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) constitute a major public health burden in both industrialized and developing countries. They include Neisseria gonorrheae, the causative agent of gonorrhea, Chlamydia trachomatis, which causes chlamydial infections, Treponema pallidum, the aetiologic agent of syphilis, Klebsiella granulomatis (formerly called Calymmatobacterium granulomatis), which causes granuloma inguinale (donovanosis), Haemophilus ducreyi, the etiologic agent of chancroid, and some species of Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma that are occasional causes of consequential STIs.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Basta-Juzbašić A, Čeović R (2014) Chancroid, lymphogranuloma venereum, granuloma inguinale, genital herpes simplex infection, and molluscum contagiosum. Clin Dermatol 32(2):290–298

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bignell C (2009) 2009 European (IUSTI/WHO) guideline on the diagnosis and treatment of gonorrhoea in adults. Int J STD AIDS 20(7):453–457

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bolognia JL, Jorizzo JL, Schaffer JV (2012) Dermatology, 3rd edn. Saunders, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Carlson JA, Dabiri G, Cribier B, Sell S (2011) The immunopathobiology of syphilis: the manifestations and course of syphilis are determined by the level of delayed-type hypersensitivity. Am J Dermatopathol 33(5):433–460

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2014) Recommendations for the laboratory-based detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae – 2014. MMWR Recomm Rep 63(RR-02):1–19

    Google Scholar 

  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015) Chlamydial infections. Resource document. https://www.cdc.gov/std/tg2015/chlamydia.htm. Accessed 7 Oct 2020

  • Janier M, Hegyi V, Dupin N, Unemo M, Tiplica GS, Potočnik M, French P, Patel R (2014) 2014 European guideline on the management of syphilis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 28(12):1581–1593

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jensen JS, Cusini M, Gomberg M, Moi H (2016) European guideline on Mycoplasma genitalium infections. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 30(10):1650–1656

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kingston M, French P, Higgins S, McQuillan O, Sukthankar A, Stott C, McBrien B, Tipple C, Turner A, Sullivan AK, Members of the Syphilis Guidelines Revision Group 2015, Radcliffe K, Cousins D, FitzGerald M, Fisher M, Grover D, Higgins S, Kingston M, Rayment M, Sullivan A (2016) UK national guidelines on the management of syphilis 2015. Int J STD AIDS 27(6):421–446

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lautenschlager S, Kemp M, Christensen J, Mayans M, Moi H (2017) 2017 European guideline for the management of chancroid. Int J STD AIDS 28(4):324–329

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lewis DA (2014) Epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of Haemophilus ducreyi – a disappearing pathogen? Expert Rev Anti-Infect Ther 12(6):687–696

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mareković I (2012) Clinical significance of urogenital mycoplasmas. Medicus 21(1):103–108

    Google Scholar 

  • Marinović B (2014) Syphilis. In: Basta Juzbašić A (ed) Dermatovenerologija, 1st edn. Medicinska Naklada, Zagreb, pp 608–619

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Farrell N, Moi N (2016) 2016 European guideline on donovanosis. Int J STD AIDS 27(8):605–607

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Paavonen J (2011) Chlamydia trachomatis infections in women and men. In: Gross G, Tyring SK (eds) Sexually transmitted infections and sexually transmitted diseases. Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg, pp 103–110

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Roett MA, Mayor MT, Uduhiri KA (2012) Diagnosis and management of genital ulcers. Am Fam Physician 85(3):254–262

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ross JDC, Jensen JS (2006) Mycoplasma genitalium as a sexually transmitted infection: implications for screening, testing, and treatment. Sex Transm Infect 82(4):269–271

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • STI Treatment Pocket European Guidelines (2019) Resource document. https://iusti.org/treatment-guidelines. Accessed 7 Oct 2020

  • Stoner BP, Cohen SE (2015) Lymphogranuloma venereum 2015: clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. Clin Infect Dis 61(8):865–873

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this entry

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this entry

Ljubojević Hadžavdić, S., Krtanjek, J., Marinović, B., Skerlev, M. (2021). Syphilis and Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections. In: Smoller, B., Bagherani, N. (eds) Atlas of Dermatology, Dermatopathology and Venereology . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45134-3_69-1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45134-3_69-1

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-45134-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-45134-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference MedicineReference Module Medicine

Publish with us

Policies and ethics