Abstract
All living cells are delimited from the exterior world by a membrane, and membrane-forming lipids are the structural determinants for membrane assembly and maintenance. Although biosynthesis of membrane-forming lipids is well understood in many organisms, turnover, degradation, and remodeling of these lipids are less studied. An initial degradation of glycerol-containing membrane lipids may occur by (phospho)lipases or transferases which remove distinct groups from the membrane lipid converting it into a lysolipid or diacylglycerol. These degradation intermediates can either be totally degraded into low-molecular-weight metabolites or missing groups can be reintroduced onto the intermediates to convert them into fully functional membrane lipids again, thereby completing a lipid cycle. Classic examples in Escherichia coli are the lyso-phosphatidylethanolamine cycle, the diacylglycerol cycle, or cycles involving the isoprenoid undecaprenol. It is evident that many more lipid cycles exist in other proteobacteria and in gram-positive bacteria and that these cycles play major roles in decorating biomolecules located outside the cytoplasmic compartment.
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Acknowledgement
Research in our lab was supported by grants from Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología-México (CONACyT-Mexico) (178359 and 253549 in Investigación Científica Básica as well as 118 in Investigación en Fronteras de la Ciencia) and from Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (DGAPA-UNAM; PAPIIT IN202616, IN203612). We thank Lourdes Martínez-Aguilar for skillful technical assistance.
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Sahonero-Canavesi, D.X., López-Lara, I.M., Geiger, O. (2017). Membrane Lipid Degradation and Lipid Cycles in Microbes. In: Rojo, F. (eds) Aerobic Utilization of Hydrocarbons, Oils and Lipids. Handbook of Hydrocarbon and Lipid Microbiology . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39782-5_38-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39782-5_38-1
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