Abstract
Diabetes has become epidemic worldwide, and the patients with diabetes often develop diabetic nephropathy (DN). This complication is the most common cause of end-stage renal disease, which requires treatment with dialysis or kidney transplantation. The treatment costs of DN in patients are increasing and impose a substantial burden on the healthcare system. DN is a complex disease reflecting the interplay between genetic, nongenetic, and epigenetic factors. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that genomic DNA methylation changes, chromatin histone modifications, and noncoding RNA dysregulation are involved in the pathogenesis of DN. Furthermore, the reversibility of these epigenetic effects in DN is the prerequisite for interactions with the environment. Therefore, researchers have put their efforts to identify the inherited and modifiable epigenetic features associated with DN in order to improve understanding of the pathogenesis of DN and to discover new targets that may act as biomarkers for the prediction of DN. In this chapter, the current design, approach, and biological material used in epigenetic study of DN are reviewed. Recent studies of epigenetic effects in DN are summarized, and further investigation of epigenetic mechanisms in DN is discussed.
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Abbreviations
- ADA:
-
American Diabetes Association
- BMI:
-
Body mass index
- DN:
-
Diabetic nephropathy
- ESRD:
-
End-stage renal disease
- GDM:
-
Gestational diabetes mellitus
- IDF:
-
International Diabetes Federation
- IGFBP-1:
-
Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1
- LCL:
-
Lymphoblastoid cell lines
- NGT:
-
Normal glucose tolerance
- PBL:
-
Peripheral blood leukocytes
- SLC30A8:
-
Solute carrier family 30 members 8
- T1D:
-
Type 1 diabetes
- T2D:
-
Type 2 diabetes
- UAE:
-
Urinary albumin excretion
- UTR:
-
Untranslated regions
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Gu, H.F. (2017). Epigenetics of Diabetic Nephropathy. In: Patel, V., Preedy, V. (eds) Handbook of Nutrition, Diet, and Epigenetics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31143-2_27-1
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