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Rifampin, Dapsone, and Vancomycin

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Critical Care Toxicology

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Abstract

Rifampin is a macrocyclic antimicrobial agent synthetically derived from many generations of rifamycin B, a virtually inactive metabolite of Streptomyces mediterranei. In 1968, an active product was conceived, rifamycin SV, which showed activity against gram-positive organisms [1]. Rifampin, a hydrazone derivative of 3-formylrifamycin SV, is used today in various settings as a broad-spectrum agent against gram-positive organisms (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae) and gram-negative organisms (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Proteus, Pseudomonas) [2]. More commonly, rifampin is used as a synergistic, bactericidal agent against tuberculous and nontuberculous mycobacteria.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Bureau of Toxicology & Environment, Los Angeles County of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Cyrus Rangan

  2. University of California, School of Medicine, San Diego, USA

    Richard F. Clark

Authors
  1. Cyrus Rangan
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  2. Richard F. Clark
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Cyrus Rangan .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Colorado School of Medicine, Toxicology Associates, Denver, Colorado, USA

    Jeffrey Brent

  2. Office of New Drugs Drug Evaluation and Research, FDA, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA

    Keith Burkhart

  3. Clinical Toxicology, St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom

    Paul Dargan

  4. University of Colorado School of Medicine, Toxicology Associates, Denver, Colorado, USA

    Benjamin Hatten

  5. Med & Toxicological Intensive Care Unit, Lariboisière Hospital Paris-Diderot University, Paris, France

    Bruno Megarbane

  6. University of Colorado School of Medicine, Toxicology Associates, Denver, Colorado, USA

    Robert Palmer

Grading System for Levels of Evidence Supporting Recommendations in Critical Care Toxicology, 2nd Edition

Grading System for Levels of Evidence Supporting Recommendations in Critical Care Toxicology, 2nd Edition

  1. I

    Evidence obtained from at least one properly randomized controlled trial.

  2. II-1

    Evidence obtained from well-designed controlled trials without randomization.

  3. II-2

    Evidence obtained from well-designed cohort or case-control analytic studies, preferably from more than one center or research group.

  4. II-3

    Evidence obtained from multiple time series with or without the intervention. Dramatic results in uncontrolled experiments (such as the results of the introduction of penicillin treatment in the 1940s) could also be regarded as this type of evidence.

  5. III

    Opinions of respected authorities, based on clinical experience, descriptive studies and case reports, or reports of expert committees.

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Rangan, C., Clark, R.F. (2016). Rifampin, Dapsone, and Vancomycin. In: Brent, J., Burkhart, K., Dargan, P., Hatten, B., Megarbane, B., Palmer, R. (eds) Critical Care Toxicology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20790-2_60-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20790-2_60-1

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-20790-2

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