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Plasma Diagnostics Lasers, Flow Visualization, and Probe Techniques

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  • First Online:
Handbook of Thermal Plasmas

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Abstract

In the present chapter, the coverage of plasma diagnostic techniques is extended to laser techniques such as Thomson and Rayleigh scattering, coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS), and laser-induced fluorescence (LIF). These offer significant advantages in terms of the range of plasma temperature to which they could be applied as well as their superior spatial resolution. These advantages have to be weighed, however, against increasing complexity and required investment cost. Essentially, all of these techniques are complimentary and should be used selectively depending on process/research needs.

In the latter part of this chapter, the review of plasma diagnostic techniques is extended to flow visualization, such as conventional, high-speed, or flash-assisted photography which have been shown to offer a valuable tool for the characterization and study of the flow dynamics as well as temperature fields in plasma sources in the absence or presence of particulate matter or liquid droplets. Such techniques are also enhanced through the use of “shadowgraph” and “Schlieren” photography which are based on variation of the refractive index in the flow field due to composition and/or temperature difference in the flow or density gradients in cold compressible flows. The last part of this chapter is dedicated to enthalpy probes which, while being intrusive, offer a valuable tool with excellent spatial resolution for the measurement of local temperature, velocity, and composition of plasma flows.

Emil Pfender: deceased.

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Abbreviations

ABS:

Absorption spectroscopy

AC:

Alternative current

APJ :

Atmospheric plasma jet

BS:

Beam splitter

CARS:

Coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy

CCD:

Charge-coupled device

CW:

Continuous wave

DC:

Direct current

DFWM :

Degenerate four-wave mixing

DSD:

Droplet size distribution

EMR:

Electromagnetic radiation

EP:

Enthalpy probe

FFT :

Fast Fourier transform

FWHM:

Full width at half maximum

HC:

Hollow cathode

HSP:

High-speed photography

HVOF:

High-velocity oxyfuel

LDA:

Laser Doppler anemometry

LHS:

Left-hand side

LIF:

Laser-induced fluorescence

LTE:

Local thermodynamic equilibrium

MS:

Mass spectrometer

NIR:

Near infrared

OES:

Optical emission spectroscopy

OMA:

Optical multichannel analyzer

P:

Polarizer

PC:

Personal computer

PC:

Phase conjugate

PIV:

Particle image velocimetry

PM:

Photomultiplier

QMS:

Quadrupole mass spectrometer

RF:

Radio frequency

RHS:

Right-hand side

SHG:

Second harmonic generation

TA-LIF:

Two-photon absorption laser-induced fluorescence

TBC:

Thermal barrier coating

TD-LAS :

Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy

THG:

Third harmonic generation

UV:

Ultraviolet

VPS:

Vacuum plasma spraying

VUV:

Vacuum ultraviolet

VUV-LAS :

Vacuum ultraviolet laser absorption spectroscopy

WAS:

Wire arc spraying

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical and Biotechnology Engineering, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada

    Maher I. Boulos

  2. Sciences des Procédés Céramiques et de Traitements de Surface (SPCTS), Université de Limoges, Limoges, France

    Pierre L. Fauchais

  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA

    Emil Pfender

Authors
  1. Maher I. Boulos
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  2. Pierre L. Fauchais
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  3. Emil Pfender
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Correspondence to Maher I. Boulos .

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Boulos, M.I., Fauchais, P.L., Pfender, E. (2021). Plasma Diagnostics Lasers, Flow Visualization, and Probe Techniques. In: Handbook of Thermal Plasmas. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12183-3_21-1

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