Abstract
Urticaria
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a. Urticaria
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Urticaria
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A.
Lasts less than 24 hours (transient)
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B.
May be idiopathic or triggered by infections, foods, medications
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C.
Wheals: superficial dermal swellings characterized by pruritic edematous pink plaques with central pallor which may be small, large, papular, circinate, polycyclic, or annular
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A.
i. Uriticaria – Dermatographism
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Dermatographism
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A.
A type of physical urticaria which is triggered by an external physical stimulus
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B.
Wheals are usually located on stimulated skin
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C.
Simple dermatographism—5 % of normal people represents an exaggerated physiological response
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D.
Symptomatic dermatographism—linear wheals at sites of friction or scratching (figures a and b)
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A.
ii. Delayed Pressure Urticaria
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Delayed pressure urticarial
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A.
Type of physical urticaria
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B.
Deep red pruritic painful swellings at sites of sustained pressure after a delay of 30 min to 12 hours and may persist for days
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C.
Common sites include the waistline below tight clothes, below elastic socks, feet in tight shoes, genitalia after intercourse, palms after manual work, soles after walking
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A.
iii. Cold Induced Urticaria
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Cold induced urticaria
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A.
A type of physical urticaria
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B.
Whealing within minutes of rewarming after cold exposure such as rainy windy cold weather or after ice cube contact
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A.
iv. Cholinergic Urticaria
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Cholinergic (heat induced) urticaria
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A.
A type of physical urticaria
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B.
Multiple transient papular monomorphic wheals (2–3 mm in diameter) surrounded by an erythematous flare
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C.
Occur within 15 min of perspiration-inducing stimuli (e.g., physical exertion, hot baths, sudden emotional distress, alcohol, spicy food)
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A.
v. Solar Urticaria
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Solar urticaria
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A.
A type of physical urticaria
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B.
Itching and wheals occur within minutes after exposure to ultraviolet light or visible light on exposed areas
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A.
b. Angioedema
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Angioedema
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1.
Acute transient swellings without erythema deep in the dermis and subcutaneous tissue or submucosal tissue
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2.
Most commonly on the lips and periorbital area
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1.
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© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
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Gloster, H.M., Gebauer, L.E., Mistur, R.L. (2016). Urticarias. In: Absolute Dermatology Review. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03218-4_102
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03218-4_102
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-03217-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-03218-4
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