Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Lessons Learned During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Concerns Moving Forward: Academic Leadership Lens

  • Reference work entry
  • First Online:
Second Handbook of Academic Integrity

Part of the book series: Springer International Handbooks of Education ((SIHE))

  • 141 Accesses

Abstract

The transition to online classes during the COVID-19 pandemic brought to light many issues in the academic integrity realm, many of which already existed but were magnified by the influx of identified cases being addressed by colleges and universities across the world. This chapter is intended to dissect the many lessons related to academic integrity that were learned by senior administrators from the challenges faced by faculty, administrators, and students during one of the most challenging times the world has faced in modern history. Lessons learned were about contract cheating through the use of technology, case adjudication and the importance of educational outcomes of cases, as well as pedagogy and student success and how critical these elements of the educational process are to academic integrity.

These lessons are critical to learn as the influence the COVID-19 pandemic had on academic integrity in higher education has changed the landscape of higher education irrevocably. As educators, we can choose to learn from the past and move forward, and while this is an opportunity to reflect upon what did occur, it is further an opportunity to take the reflections on the lessons in academic integrity from the COVID-19 pandemic and apply them to future happenings in academic integrity that are bound to occur.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 499.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 499.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abd-Elaal, E., Wlapita Gamage, S., & Mills, J. (2019). Artificial intelligence is a tool for cheating academic integrity. In AAEE annual conference, Brisbane, Australia. https://aaee.net.au/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/AAEE2019_Annual_Conference_paper_180.pdf

  • Adams, S. (2021, March 31). Meet super spreader Chegg, which has become the most valuable Edtech company in America by connecting college students to test answers on demand. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/susanadams/2021/01/28/this-12-billion-company-is-getting-rich-off-students-cheating-their-way-through-covid/?sh=720ec435363f

  • Akers, R. L. (1990). Rational choice, deterrence, and social learning theory in criminology: The path not taking. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 81(3), 653–676.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bain, L. Z. (2015). How students use technology to cheat and what faculty can do about it. Information Systems Education Journal, 13(5), 92–99.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bogost, I. (2022, December 16). ChatGPT is dumber than you think. The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2022/12/chatgpt-openai-artificial-intelligence-writing-ethics/672386/

  • Busch, P., & Bilgin, A. (2014). Student and staff understanding and reaction: Academic integrity in an Australian University. Journal of Academic Ethics, 12(3), 227–243.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chegg. (2022). Homework Help. https://www.chegg.com/homework-help

  • Clark, T. M., Callam, C. S., Paul, N. M., Stoltzfus, M. W., & Turner, D. (2020). Testing in the time of COVID-19: A sudden transition to unproctored online exams. Journal of Chemical Education, 97(9), 3413–3417. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.0c00546

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clarke, R., & Lancaster, T. (2006, June). Eliminating the successor to plagiarism? Identifying the usage of contract cheating sites. In 2nd Plagiarism: Prevention, practice, and policy conference 2006, JISC Plagiarism Advisory Service, Newcastle, UK.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cochran, J. K., Chamlin, M. B., Wood, P. B., & Sellers, C. S. (1999). Shame, embarrassment, and formal sanction threats: Extending the deterrence/rational choice model to academic dishonesty. Sociological Inquiry, 69, 91–105.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Correa, M. (2011). Academic dishonesty in the second language classroom: Instructors’ perspectives. Modern Journal of Language Teaching Methods, 1(1), 65A.

    Google Scholar 

  • Drinan, P. (2009). Forward. In T. Twomey, H. White, & K. Sagendorf (Eds.), Pedagogy, not policing: Positive approaches to academic integrity at the university (pp. xi–xii). The Graduate School Press of Syracuse University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eaton, S. E. (2020). Academic integrity during COVID-19: Reflections from the University of Calgary. International Studies in Educational Administration, 48(1), 80–85. http://hdl.handle.net/1880/112293

    Google Scholar 

  • Eaton, S. E., & Turner, K. L. (2020). Exploring academic integrity and mental health during COVID-19: Rapid review. Journal of Contemporary Education Theory & Research, 4(1), 35–41. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4256825.svg. https://zenodo.org/badge/.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fendler, R. J., & Godbey, J. M. (2016). Cheaters should never win: Eliminating the benefits of cheating. Journal of Academic Ethics, 14(1), 71–85.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fendler, R. J., Yates, M., & Godbey, J. (2018). Observing and deterring social cheating on college exams. International Journal for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.20429/ijsotl.2018.120104

  • Gallant, T. (2008). Academic integrity in the 21st century: A teaching and learning imperative. ASHE Higher Education Report, 33(5).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hall, T. L., & Kuh, G. D. (1998). Honor among students: Academic integrity and honor codes at state-assisted universities. NASPA Journal, 36, 2–18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Havemann, L., & Roberts, V. (2021). Pivoting open? Pandemic pedagogy and the search for openness in the viral learning environment. Journal of Interactive Media in Education, 27, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.5334/jime.676

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Higbee, J., & Thomas, P. (2002). Student and faculty perceptions of behaviors that ConstituteCheating. NASPA Journal, 40(1), 39–52. https://doi.org/10.2202/1949-6605.1187

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Janke, S., Rudert, S. C., Petersen, Ä., Fritz, T. M., & Daumiller, M. (2021). Cheating in the wake of COVID-19: How dangerous is ad-hoc online testing for academic integrity? Computers & Education Open, 2, Article 100055. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeo.2021.100055

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lancaster, T., & Clarke, R. (2006). Contract cheating: The outsourcing of assessed student work. In T. Bretag (Ed.), Handbook of academic integrity (pp. 639–654). Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lancaster, T., & Cotarlan, C. (2021). Contract cheating by STEM students through a file sharing website: A COVID-19 pandemic perspective. International Journal for Educational Integrity. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40979-021-00070-0

  • Marche, S. (2022, December 16). The college essay is dead. The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2022/12/chatgpt-ai-writing-college-student-essays/672371/

  • McCabe, D. (1992). The influence of situational ethics on cheating among college students. Sociological Inquiry, 62(3), 365–374. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-682X.1992.tb00287.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McCabe, D. L. (1993). Faculty responses to academic dishonesty: The influence of student honor codes. Research in Higher Education, 34(5), 647–658. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/40196116

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McCabe, D. (2016). Cheating and honor: Lessons from a long-term research project. In T. Bretag (Ed.), Handbook of academic integrity (pp. 187–198). Springer Singapore.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • McCabe, D. L., Trevino, L. K., & Butterfield, K. D. (2001). Dishonesty in academic environments: The influence of peer reporting requirements. Journal of Higher Education, 72(1), 29–45. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221546.2001.11778863

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McCabe, D. L., Trevino, L. K., & Butterfield, K. D. (2012). Cheating in college: Why students do it and what educators can do about it. Johns Hopkins University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Moralista, R., & Oducado, R. M. (2020). Faculty perception toward online education in higher education during the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 8(10), 4736–4742. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2020.081044

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Orr, J. (2018). Developing a campus academic integrity education seminar. Journal of Academic Ethics, 16(3), 195–209.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Orr, J. E., & Orr, K. (2021). Restoring honor and integrity through integrating restorative practices in academic integrity with student leaders. Journal of Academic Ethics.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pogarsky, G., Piquero, A., & Paternoster, R. (2004). Modeling change in perceptions about sanction threats: The neglected linkage in deterrence theory. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 20(4), 343–369. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10940-004-5868-z

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prescott, P., Buttrick, H., & Skinner, D. (2014). A jury of their peers: Turning academic dishonesty into classroom learning. Journal of Legal Studies Education, 31(2), 179–206.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Robinson-Zañartu, C., Peña, E. D., Cook-Morales, V., Peña, A. M., Afshani, R., & Nguyen, L. (2005). Academic crime and punishment: Faculty members’ perception of and responses to plagiarism. School Psychology Quarterly, 20(3), 318–337. https://doi.org/10.1521/scpq.2005.20.3.318

  • Schmelkin, L., Gilbert, K., Spencer, K. J., Pincus, H. S., & Silva, R. (2008). A multidimensional scaling of college students' perceptions of academic dishonesty. Journal of Higher Education, 79(5), 587–607.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Seals, M., Hammons, J., & Mamiseishvilli, K. (2014). Teaching assistants’ preparation for attitudes, towards, and experiences with academic dishonesty: Lessons learned. International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, D. R. (2015). It pays to bend the rules: The consequences of NCAA athletic sanctions. Sociological Perspectives, 58(1), 97–119.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Subin, S. (2021, March 21). How college students learned new ways to cheat during pandemic remote schooling. CNBC. https://www.cnbc.com/2021/03/21/how-college-students-learned-new-ways-to-cheat-during-covid-.html

  • Thomas, A., & De Bruin, G. P. (2012). Student academic dishonesty: What do academics think and do, and what are the barriers to action? African Journal of Business Ethics, 6(1).

    Google Scholar 

  • Turner, K. L., Adams, J. D., & Eaton, S. E. (2022). Academic integrity, STEM education, and COVID-19: A call to action. Cultural Studies of Science Education, 17, 331–339. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11422-021-10090-4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Twomey, T., White, H., & Sagendorf, K. (2009). Pedagogy, not policing: Positive approaches to academic integrity at the university. The Graduate School Press of Syracuse University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walsh, L. L., Lichti, D. A., Zambrano-Varghese, C. M., Borgaonkar, A. D., Sodhi, J. S., Moon, S., Wester, E. R., & Callis-Duehl, K. L. (2021). Why and how science students in the United States think their peers cheat more frequently online: Perspectives during the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal for Educational Integrity, 17, 23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40979-021-00089-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Whitley, J. B.E., & Keith-Spiegel, P. (2001). Academic Integrity as an Institutional Issue. Ethics & Behavior, 11(3), 325–342. https://doi-org.ezproxy.lib.vt.edu/10.1207/S15327019EB1103_9

  • Woessner, M. (2004). Beating the house: How inadequate penalties for cheating make plagiarism an excellent gamble. Political Science and Politics, 37(2).

    Google Scholar 

  • Yazici, A., Yazici, S., & Erdem, M. (2011). Faculty and student perceptions on college cheating: Evidence from Turkey. Educational Studies, 37(2), 221–231.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA

    Kara E. Latopolski

  2. The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA

    James Orr

Authors
  1. Kara E. Latopolski
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. James Orr
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to James Orr .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada

    Sarah Elaine Eaton

Section Editor information

  1. The Institute for Learning and Teaching, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA

    Joseph F. Brown

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2024 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this entry

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this entry

Latopolski, K.E., Orr, J. (2024). Lessons Learned During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Concerns Moving Forward: Academic Leadership Lens. In: Eaton, S.E. (eds) Second Handbook of Academic Integrity. Springer International Handbooks of Education. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-54144-5_105

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation