Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Je Suis, Je Suis—I am, I Follow: Formation of Animal Individual and Cultural Selves

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Animals as Experiencing Entities

Part of the book series: The Palgrave Macmillan Animal Ethics Series ((PMAES))

  • 96 Accesses

Abstract

In this chapter I track our (animal) developmental path to illustrate that the ensuing complexity of this process, as converging evidence indicates, belongs to all animals, not only to humans. That is to say that other animals possess complex, human-comparable emotional, cognitive, social, cultural, and even creative capacities and needs. While I touch upon all of these aspects, I will discuss the experience of grief in more detail. Procedural and structural commonalities of animal organisms enable us to infer across species but also across temporal lines and historical periods. Technologically we are better equipped for the exploration of these commonalities than our ancestors may have been. However, the primary impediment to a more integrated view of nonhuman animals has been not technology but the master narrative that has kept the human “suspended between a celestial and a terrestrial nature,” as Agamben observed, “always less and more than himself.” This ontological quandary, which had for a long time fuelled misconceptions of, and violence against, other animals, is the second, parallel focus of the chapter. As we become more comfortable accepting our animal bodies and minds, fear of those petits récits that challenge dominant frameworks recedes, and narratives change.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. 1.

    Robert Cialdini, “Crafting Normative Messages to Protect the Environment,” Current Directions in Psychological Science 12, no. 4 (2003): 107.

  2. 2.

    Jacques Derrida, The Animal that Therefore I Am (New York: Fordham University Press, 2008).

  3. 3.

    Daniel J. Siegel, Mindsight: The New Science of Personal Transformation (New York: Bantam Books Trade Paperbacks, 2011[2010]), 62.

  4. 4.

    Giorgio Agamben, The Open: Man and Animal (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2004), 29.

  5. 5.

    Jean-François Lyotard, The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge, trans. Geoff Bennington and Brian Massumi (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1984).

  6. 6.

    Teya Brooks Pribac, “Positive Sentience is Underrated,” Animal Sentience 2019.220. https://doi.org/10.51291/2377-7478.1445.

  7. 7.

    For example Bob Jacobs, Heather Rally, Catherine Doyle, Lester O’Brien, Mackenzie Tennison, and Lori Marino, “Putative Neural Consequences of Captivity for Elephants and Cetaceans,” Reviews in the Neurosciences 33, no. 4 (2021):439–65. https://doi.org/10.1515/revneuro-2021-0100; Amanda C. Kentner, Kelly G. Lambert, Anthony J. Hannan, and S. Tiffany Donaldson, “Editorial: Environmental Enrichment: Enhancing Neural Plasticity, Resilience, and Repair,” Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience 13, no. 75 (2019). https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00075.

  8. 8.

    Carol Gigliotti, The creative lives of animals (New York: New York University Press, 2022).

  9. 9.

    Andrew Whiten, “The Burgeoning Reach of Animal Culture,” Science 372, no. 46 (2021), 1.

  10. 10.

    Brett Jesmer, Jerod A. Merkle, Jacob R. Goheen, Ellen O. Aikens, Jeffrey L. Beck, Alyson B. Courtemanch, Mark A. Hurley, Douglas E. McWhirter, Hollie M. Miyasaki, Kevin L. Monteith, and Matthew J. Kauffman, “Evidence of Social Learning from Translocated Animals,” Science 361, no. 6406 (2018): 1023–25.

  11. 11.

    Jesmer et al., “Evidence of Social Learning.”

  12. 12.

    Charles Foley, Nathalie Pettorelli, and Lara Foley, “Severe Drought and Calf Survival in Elephants,” Biology Letters 4 (2008): 541–4.

  13. 13.

    Whiten, “The Burgeoning Reach”; Andrew Whiten, “Culture Is So Common that Even Fish and Flies Have It,” interviewed by Michael La Page in New Scientist, April 1, 2021. https://www.newscientist.com/article/2273450-animal-culture-is-so-common-that-even-fish-and-flies-have-it/.

  14. 14.

    D. Waynforth, “Mate Choice Copying in Humans,” Human Nature 18, no. 3 (2007): 264–71. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12110-007-9004-2.

  15. 15.

    Sabine Nöbel, Mélanie Allain, Guillaume Isabel, and Etienne Danchin, “Mate Copying in Drosophila Melanogaster Males,” Animal Behaviour 141 (2018): 9–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2018.04.019; Galef G. Bennett, and Kevin N. Laland, “Social Learning in Animals: Empirical Studies and Theoretical Models,” BioScience 55, no. 6 (2005): 489–99.

  16. 16.

    For example vicarious evaluation of new foraging sites to avoid unnecessary exposure to potential predators.

  17. 17.

    K.N. Laland, N. Atton, and M.M. Webster, “From Fish to Fashion: Experimental and Theoretical Insights into the Evolution of Culture,” Philosophical Transactions Royal Society B 366, no. 1567 (2011): 958–68. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0328.

  18. 18.

    Mary Midgley, Beast and Man: The Roots of Human Nature (London: Routledge, 2002 [1978]), 198.

  19. 19.

    For example Ed Yong, An Immense World: How Animal Senses Reveal the Hidden Realm Around Us (New York: Random House, 2022).

  20. 20.

    Tetsumi Takahashi, Haruki Ochi, Masanori Kohda, and Michio Hori, “Invisible Pair Bonds Detected by Molecular Analyses,” Biology letters 8, no. 3 (2012): 355–7. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2011.1006.

  21. 21.

    Anne Innis Dagg, Animal Friendships (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011), 68.

  22. 22.

    Whiten, “Culture Is So Common,” n.p.

  23. 23.

    Kevin Omland, Evangeline Rose, and Karan Odom, “Women Have Disrupted Research on Bird Song, and Their Findings Show How Diversity Can Improve All Fields of Science,” The Conversation, September 11, 2020. https://theconversation.com/women-have-disrupted-research-on-bird-song-and-their-findings-show-how-diversity-can-improve-all-fields-of-science-142874.

  24. 24.

    Quoted in Alison Abbott, “Animal Behaviour: Inside the Cunning, Caring and Greedy Minds of Fish,” Nature 521, no. 7553 (2015): 412–4. https://doi.org/10.1038/521412a.

  25. 25.

    For example Vinciane Despret, “Sheep Do Have Opinions,” in Making Things Public: Atmospheres of Democracy, ed. Bruno Latour and Peter Weibel (Cambridge: MIT Press, 2005), 360–70; Jonathan Balcombe, What a Fish Knows: The Inner Lives of Our Underwater Cousins (London: Oneworld Publications, 2016); Lori Marino, and Christina M. Colvin, “Thinking Pigs: A Comparative Review of Cognition, Emotion, and Personality in Sus Domesticus,” International Journal of Comparative Psychology 28, no. 1 (2015). https://doi.org/10.46867/ijcp.2015.28.00.04; Lori Marino, “Thinking Chickens: A Review of Cognition, Emotion, and Behaviour in the Domestic Chicken,” Animal Cognition 20, no. 2 (2017): 127–47.

  26. 26.

    Culum Brown, “Are Fish Far More Intelligent than We Realize?” interview by Joseph Stromber, Vox, August 4, 2014. https://bit.ly/3lrkIan.

  27. 27.

    Carl Safina, Beyond Words: What Animals Think and Feel (New York: Henry Holt and Company, 2015).

  28. 28.

    Sonja Yoerg, “Mentalist Imputations,” Science 258, no. 5083 (1992): 830–1.

  29. 29.

    Donald R. Griffin, Animal Minds: Beyond Cognition to Consciousness (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2001 [1992]), x.

  30. 30.

    Elizabeth Ellis, Australian Animal Law: Context and Critique (Sydney: Sydney University Press, 2022).

  31. 31.

    Steve Garlick, and Rosemary Austen, “Kangaroo Translocation: Program Efficiency and Welfare Goals” (Australian Wildlife Rehabilitation Conference, Adelaide, South Australia, 2010); Steve Garlick, and Rosemary Austen, “Learning about the Emotional Lives of Kangaroos: Cognitive Justice and Environmental Sustainability,” Relations 2, no. 1 (2014). https://doi.org/10.7358/rela-2014-001-garl.

  32. 32.

    University of Wyoming, “Big Game Animals Must Learn to Migrate and Pass Knowledge Across Generations,” Science Daily, September 6, 2018, n.p. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/09/180906141626.htm.

  33. 33.

    Whiten “The Burgeoning Reach.”

  34. 34.

    Henry Beston, The Outermost House (New York: Henry Holt and Company, Inc., 1949 [1928]), 25.

  35. 35.

    Norm Phelps, The Longest Struggle: Animals Advocacy from Pythagoras to PETA (New York: Lantern Books, 2007); Howard Williams, The Ethics of Diet: An Anthology of Vegetarian Thought (Guildford: White Crow Books, 2009).

  36. 36.

    This has been demonstrated in mammals and birds, but emerging evidence indicates the presence and importance of attachment relations in other species, including reptiles, see Melissa Amarello, Jeffrey J. Smith, and J. Slone, “Family Values: Rattlesnake Parental Care Is More than Just Attendance” (Biology of the Rattlesnakes Symposium, Tucson, Arizona, 2011. https://www.snakes.ngo/ABSsm.pdf).

  37. 37.

    Murray Goldstein, “Decade of the Brain—An Agenda for the Nineties,” Western Journal of Medicine 161, no. 3 (1994): 239–41.

  38. 38.

    Martin Stacho, Christina Herold, Noemi Rook, Hermann Wagner, Markus Axer, Katrin Amunts, and Onur Güntürkün, “A Cortex-Like Canonical Circuit in the Avian Forebrain,” Science 369, no. 6511 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abc5534.

  39. 39.

    For a comparative image, see brainmuseum.org.

  40. 40.

    Jaak Panksepp, “Cross-Species Affective Neuroscience Decoding of the Primal Affective Experiences of Humans and Related Animals,” PLOS ONE 6, no. 8(2011): e21236. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0021236.

  41. 41.

    Philip Low, Jaak Panksepp, Diana Reiss, David Edelman, Bruno Van Swinderen, and Christof Koch, “The Cambridge Declaration on Consciousness,” Cambridge (UK), July 7, 2012. http://fcmconference.org/img/CambridgeDeclarationOnConsciousness.pdf.

  42. 42.

    John Bowlby, Attachment and Loss: Volume I: Attachment (New York: Basic Books, 1982 [1969]); John Bowlby, Attachment and Loss: Volume II: Separation Anxiety and Anger (New York: Basic Books, 1973); John Bowlby, Attachment and Loss: Volume III: Loss, Sadness and Depression (New York: Basic Books, 1980).

  43. 43.

    Harry F. Harlow, “The Nature of Love,” American Psychologist 13(1958): 673–85.

  44. 44.

    Harry F. Harlow, and Margaret Kuenne Harlow, “Social Deprivation in Monkeys,” Scientific American 5 (1962): 136–46; Harry F. Harlow, Robert O. Dodsworth, and Margaret K. Harlow, “Total Social Isolation in Monkeys,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 54, no. 1 (1965): 90–7.

  45. 45.

    Dong Liu, Josie Diorio, Jamie C. Day, Darlene D. Francis, and Michael J. Meaney, “Maternal Care, Hippocampal Synaptogenesis and Cognitive Development in Rats,” Nature Neuroscience 3, no. 8 (2000): 799–806; Michael J. Meaney, “Maternal Care, Gene Expression, and the Transmission of Individual Differences in Stress Reactivity across Generations,” Annual Review of Neuroscience 24 (2001): 1161–92; Ian C.G. Weaver, Nadia Cervoni, Frances A. Champagne, Ana C. D’Alessio, Shakti Sharma, Jonathan R. Seckl, Sergiy Dymov, Moshe Szyf, and Michael J. Meaney, “Epigenetic Programming by Maternal Behaviour,” Nature Neuroscience 7, no. 8 (2004): 847–54; Robert M. Sapolsky, “Mothering Style and Methylation,” Nature Neuroscience 7, no. 8 (2004): 791–2; Stephen J. Suomi, “Attachment in Rhesus Monkeys,” in Handbook of Attachment: Theory, Research, and Clinical Applications, ed. Jude Cassidy and Phillip R. Shaver, 3rd ed. (New York: The Guilford Press, 2016), 133–54.

  46. 46.

    Jonathan H. Polan, and Myron A. Hofer, “Psychobiological Origins of Infant Attachment and Its Role in Development,” in Handbook of Attachment: Theory, Research, and Clinical Applications, ed. Jude Cassidy and Phillip R. Shaver, 3rd ed. (New York: The Guilford Press, 2016), 117–32.

  47. 47.

    Allan N. Schore, “Attachment, Affect Regulation, and the Developing Right Brain: Linking Developmental Neuroscience to Pediatrics,” Pediatrics in Review 26, no. 6 (2005): 204–17; Allan N. Schore, The Science of the Art of Psychotherapy (New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2012).

  48. 48.

    Schore, “Attachment.”

  49. 49.

    Jaak Panksepp, and Lucy Biven, The Archaeology of Mind: Neuroevolutionary Origins of Human Emotions (New York: W.W. Norton, 2012), 434.

  50. 50.

    Katie A. McLaughlin, Margaret A. Sheridan, Sonia Alves, and Wendy Berry Mendes, “Child Maltreatment and Autonomic Nervous System Reactivity: Identifying Dysregulated Stress Reactivity Patterns Using the Biopsychosocial Model of Challenge and Threat,” Psychosomatic Medicine 76, no. 7 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0000000000000098; Manuela Gander, and Anna Buchheim, “Attachment Classification, Psychophysiology and Frontal EEG Asymmetry across the Lifespan: A Review,” Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 9, no. 79 (2015). https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2015.00079; Katherine B. Ehrlich, Gregory E. Miller, Jason D. Jones, and Jude Cassidy, “Attachment and Psychoneuroimmunology,” in Handbook of Attachment: Theory, Research, and Clinical Applications, ed. Jude Cassidy and Phillip R. Shaver, 3rd ed. (New York: The Guilford Press, 2016), 180–201; Abbey W. Alkon, Thomas Boyce, Torsten B. Neilands, and Brenda Eskenazi, “Children’s Autonomic Nervous System Reactivity Moderates the Relations Between Family Adversity and Sleep Problems in Latino 5-Year Old in the CHAMACOS Study,” Frontiers in Public Health 5, no. 155 (2017). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2017.00155.

  51. 51.

    James A. Coan, “Toward a Neuroscience of Attachment,” in Handbook of Attachment: Theory, Research, and Clinical Applications, ed. Jude Cassidy and Phillip R. Shaver, 3rd ed. (New York: The Guilford Press, 2016), 242–69.

  52. 52.

    Polan and Hofer, “Psychobiological Origins.”

  53. 53.

    Polan and Hofer, “Psychobiological Origins,” 123.

  54. 54.

    Bowlby, Attachment and Loss III, 204–5.

  55. 55.

    For example Cynthia Willett, “Can a Mirror Capture the Self?” Animal Sentience 25, no. 36 (2019). https://doi.org/10.51291/2377-7478.1467.

  56. 56.

    Tiffany Field, “Romantic Breakups, Heartbreak and Bereavement,” Psychology 2, no. 4 (2011): 382–7.

  57. 57.

    J. Kaprio, M. Koskenvuo, and H. Rita, “Mortality after Bereavement: A Prospective Study of 95,647 Widowed Persons,” American Journal of Public Health 77, no. 3 (1987): 283–7; Annette Erlangsen, Bernard Jeune, Unni Bille-Hrahe, and James W. Vaupel, “Loss of a Partner and Suicide Risks among Oldest Old: A Population-Based Register Study,” Age and Ageing 33, no. 4 (2004): 378–83.

  58. 58.

    Ignatius Koh, “Hachiko Statue in Shibuya,” Japan Travel, June 23, 2019. https://en.japantravel.com/tokyo/hachiko-statue-in-shibuya/44644.

  59. 59.

    Chris R. Fraley, and Phillip R. Shaver, “Attachment, Loss, and Grief: Bowlby’s Views, New Developments, and Current Controversies,” in Handbook of Attachment: Theory, Research, and Clinical Applications, ed. Jude Cassidy and Phillip R. Shaver, 3rd ed. (New York: The Guilford Press, 2016), 58.

  60. 60.

    For example Antonio Preti, “Suicide among Animals: A Review of Evidence,” Psychological Reports 101 (2007): 831–48.

  61. 61.

    Kelly Oliver, “Pet Lovers, Pathologized,” New York Times, October 30, 2011. https://archive.nytimes.com/opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/10/30/the-pathology-of-dependence-on-animals/; Teya Brooks Pribac, “Grieving at a Distance,” in Mourning Animals, ed. Margo DeMello (East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 2016), 193–9; Les Mitchell, Reading the Animal Text in the Landscape of the Damned (Grahamstown: NISC, 2019).

  62. 62.

    Fraley and Shaver, “Attachment, Loss and Grief,” 44–5.

  63. 63.

    Linda Graham, “The Neuroscience of Attachment” (paper, Clinical Conversation, Community Institute for Psychotherapy, San Rafael, CA, 2008). https://bit.ly/36I7S1H.

  64. 64.

    Fraley and Shaver, “Attachment, Loss and Grief.”

  65. 65.

    Mary-Frances O’Connor, David K. Wellisch, Annette L. Stanton, Naomi I. Eisenberger, Michael R. Irwin, and Matthew D. Lieberman, “Craving Love? Enduring Grief Activates Brain’s Reward Center,” NeuroImage 42, no. 2 (2008): 972.

  66. 66.

    For example Barbara J. King, How Animals Grieve (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 2013).

  67. 67.

    For example Nancy Scheper-Hughes, Death without Weeping: The Violence of Everyday Life in Brazil (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992); Dag Ø. Nordanger, “Coping With Loss and Bereavement in Post-War Tigray, Ethiopia,” Transcultural Psychiatry 44, no. 4 (2007): 545–65.

  68. 68.

    For example I. Neil Stevenson, “Colerina: Reactions to Emotional Stress in the Peruvian Andes,” Social Science and Medicine 11, no. 5 (1977): 303–7; Carolyn Sargent, “Between Death and Shame: Dimensions of Pain in Bariba Culture,” Social Science and Medicine 19, no. 12 (1984): 1299–304; Colin Murray Parkes, Pittu Laungani, and Bill Young (eds.), Death and Bereavement across Cultures (London: Routledge, 1997); Sjaak van Der Geest, “Dying Peacefully: Considering Good Death and Bad Death in Kwahu Tafo, Ghana,” Social Science and Medicine 58, no. 5 (2004): 899–911.

  69. 69.

    For example Michael Inbar, “Mom’s Hug Revives Baby that was Pronounced Dead,” Today, September 4, 2010. http://bit.ly/3JPC3ZK.

  70. 70.

    H. Clark Barrett, and Tanya Behne, “Children’s Understanding of Death as the Cessation of Agency: A Test Using Sleep Versus Death,” Cognition 96, no. 2 (2005): 93–108.

  71. 71.

    Teya Brooks Pribac, “Animal Grief,” Animal Studies Journal 2, no. 2 (2013): 67–90. http://ro.uow.edu.au/asj/vol2/iss2/5/; Teya Brooks Pribac, Enter the Animal: Cross-Species Perspectives on Grief and Spirituality (Sydney: Sydney University Press, 2021).

  72. 72.

    Autistic brains, for example, divert from this trend.

  73. 73.

    Allan Snyder, Terry Bossomaier, and D. John Mitchell, “Concept Formation: ‘Object’ Attributes Dynamically Inhibited From Conscious Awareness,” Journal of Integrative Neuroscience 3, no. 1 (2004): 31–46; Giorgio Vallortigara, Allan Snyder, Gisela Kaplan, Patrick Bateson, Nicola S. Clayton, and Lesley J. Rogers, “Are Animals Autistic Savants?” Plos Biology 6, no. 2 (2008): 0208-14. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0060042.

  74. 74.

    Melanie Joy, Why We Love Dogs, Eat Pigs and Wear Cows (San Francisco: Conari Press, 2009).

  75. 75.

    Reported in Kocku von Stuckrad, A Cultural History of the Soul: Europe and North America from 1870 to the Present (New York: Columbia University Press, 2022), 11.

  76. 76.

    David Brooks, Turin: Approaching Animals (Blackheath: Brandl & Schlesinger, 2021), 9.

Bibliography

  • Abbott, Alison. “Animal Behaviour: Inside the Cunning, Caring and Greedy Minds of Fish.” Nature 521, no. 7553 (2015): 412–4. https://doi.org/10.1038/521412a.

  • Agamben, Giorgio. The Open: Man and Animal. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2004.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alkon, Abbey W., Thomas Boyce, Torsten B. Neilands, and Brenda Eskenazi. “Children’s Autonomic Nervous System Reactivity Moderates the Relations between Family Adversity and Sleep Problems in Latino 5-Year Old in the CHAMACOS Study.” Frontiers in Public Health 5, no. 155 (2017). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2017.00155.

  • Amarello, Melissa, Jeffrey J. Smith, and J. Slone. “Family Values: Rattlesnake Parental Care Is More than Just Attendance.” Biology of the Rattlesnakes Symposium, Tucson, Arizona, 2011. https://www.snakes.ngo/ABSsm.pdf.

  • Balcombe, Jonathan. What a Fish Knows: The Inner Lives of Our Underwater Cousins. London: Oneworld Publications, 2016.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barrett, H. Clark, and Tanya Behne. “Children’s Understanding of Death as the Cessation of Agency: A Test Using Sleep Versus Death.” Cognition 96, no. 2 (2005): 93–108.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bennett, Galef G., and Kevin N. Laland. “Social Learning in Animals: Empirical Studies and Theoretical Models.” BioScience 55, no. 6 (2005): 489–99.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beston, Henry. The Outermost House. New York: Henry Holt and Company, Inc., 1949 [1928].

    Google Scholar 

  • Bowlby, John. Attachment and Loss: Volume I: Attachment. New York: Basic Books, 1982 [1969].

    Google Scholar 

  • Bowlby, John. Attachment and Loss: Volume II: Separation Anxiety and Anger. New York: Basic Books, 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bowlby, John. Attachment and Loss: Volume III: Loss, Sadness and Depression. New York: Basic Books, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brooks Pribac, Teya. “Animal Grief.” Animal Studies Journal 2, no. 2 (2013): 67–90. http://ro.uow.edu.au/asj/vol2/iss2/5/.

  • Brooks Pribac, Teya. “Grieving at a Distance.” In Mourning Animals, edited by Margo DeMello, 193–9. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 2016.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brooks Pribac, Teya. “Positive Sentience is Underrated.” Animal Sentience 2019.220. https://doi.org/10.51291/2377-7478.1445.

  • Brooks Pribac, Teya. Enter the Animal: Cross-Species Perspectives on Grief and Spirituality. Sydney: Sydney University Press, 2021.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Brooks, David. Turin: Approaching Animals. Blackheath: Brandl & Schlesinger, 2021.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, Culum. “Are Fish Far More Intelligent than We Realize?” Interview by Joseph Stromber. Vox, August 4, 2014. https://bit.ly/3lrkIan.

  • Cialdini, Robert. “Crafting Normative Messages to Protect the Environment.” Current Directions in Psychological Science 12, no. 4 (2003): 105–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coan, James A. “Toward a Neuroscience of Attachment.” In Handbook of Attachment: Theory, Research, and Clinical Applications, edited by Jude Cassidy and Phillip R. Shaver, 3rd ed., 242–69. New York: The Guilford Press, 2016.

    Google Scholar 

  • Derrida, Jacques. The Animal that Therefore I Am. New York: Fordham University Press, 2008.

    Google Scholar 

  • Despret, Vinciane. “Sheep Do Have Opinions.” In Making Things Public: Atmospheres of Democracy, edited by Bruno Latour and Peter Weibel, 360–70. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2005.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ehrlich, Katherine B., Gregory E. Miller, Jason D. Jones, and Jude Cassidy. “Attachment and Psychoneuroimmunology.” In Handbook of Attachment: Theory, Research, and Clinical Applications, edited by Jude Cassidy and Phillip R. Shaver, 3rd ed., 180–201. New York: The Guilford Press, 2016.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ellis, Elizabeth. Australian Animal Law: Context and Critique. Sydney: Sydney University Press, 2022.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Erlangsen, Annette, Bernard Jeune, Unni Bille-Hrahe, and James W. Vaupel. “Loss of a Partner and Suicide Risks among Oldest Old: A Population-Based Register Study.” Age and Ageing 33, no. 4 (2004): 378–83.

    Google Scholar 

  • Field, Tiffany. “Romantic Breakups, Heartbreak and Bereavement.” Psychology 2, no. 4 (2011): 382–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Foley, Charles, Nathalie Pettorelli, and Lara Foley. “Severe Drought and Calf Survival in Elephants.” Biology Letters 4 (2008): 541–4. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2008.0370.

  • Fraley, Chris R., and Phillip R. Shaver. “Attachment, Loss, and Grief: Bowlby’s Views, New Developments, and Current Controversies.” In Handbook of Attachment: Theory, Research, and Clinical Applications, edited by Jude Cassidy and Phillip R. Shaver, 3rd ed., 40–62. New York: The Guilford Press, 2016.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gander, Manuela, and Anna Buchheim. “Attachment Classification, Psychophysiology and Frontal EEG Asymmetry across the Lifespan: A Review.” Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 9, no. 79 (2015). https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2015.00079.

  • Garlick, Steve, and Rosemary Austen. “Kangaroo Translocation: Program Efficiency and Welfare Goals. Australian Wildlife Rehabilitation Conference, Adelaide, South Australia, 2010.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garlick, Steve, and Rosemary Austen. “Learning about the Emotional Lives of Kangaroos: Cognitive Justice and Environmental Sustainability.” Relations 2, no. 1 (2014). https://doi.org/10.7358/rela-2014-001-garl.

  • Gigliotti, Carol. The creative lives of animals. New York: New York University Press, 2022.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein, Murray. “Decade of the Brain—An Agenda for the Nineties.” Western Journal of Medicine 161, no. 3 (1994): 239–41.

    Google Scholar 

  • Graham, Linda. “The Neuroscience of Attachment.” Paper, Clinical Conversation, Community Institute for Psychotherapy, San Rafael, CA, 2008. https://bit.ly/36I7S1H.

  • Griffin, Donald R. Animal Minds: Beyond Cognition to Consciousness. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2001 [1992].

    Google Scholar 

  • Harlow, Harry F. “The Nature of Love.” American Psychologist 13 (1958): 673–85.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harlow, Harry F., and Margaret Kuenne Harlow. “Social Deprivation in Monkeys.” Scientific American 5 (1962): 136–46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harlow, Harry F., Robert O. Dodsworth, and Margaret K. Harlow. “Total Social Isolation in Monkeys.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 54, no. 1 (1965): 90–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Inbar, Michael. “Mom’s Hug Revives Baby that was Pronounced Dead.” Today, September 4, 2010. http://bit.ly/3JPC3ZK.

  • Innis Dagg, Anne. Animal Friendships. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jacobs, Bob, Heather Rally, Catherine Doyle, Lester O’Brien, Mackenzie Tennison, and Lori Marino. “Putative Neural Consequences of Captivity for Elephants and Cetaceans.” Reviews in the Neurosciences 33, no. 4 (2021): 439–65. https://doi.org/10.1515/revneuro-2021-0100.

  • Jesmer, Brett, Jerod A. Merkle, Jacob R. Goheen, Ellen O. Aikens, Jeffrey L. Beck, Alyson B. Courtemanch, Mark A. Hurley, Douglas E. McWhirter, Hollie M. Miyasaki, Kevin L. Monteith, and Matthew J. Kauffman. “Evidence of Social Learning from Translocated Animals.” Science 361, no. 6406 (2018): 1023–25. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aat098.

  • Joy, Melanie. Why We Love Dogs, Eat Pigs and Wear Cows. San Francisco: Conari Press, 2009.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaprio, J., M. Koskenvuo, and H. Rita. “Mortality after Bereavement: A Prospective Study of 95,647 Widowed Persons.” American Journal of Public Health 77, no. 3 (1987): 283–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kentner, Amanda C., Kelly G. Lambert, Anthony J. Hannan, and S. Tiffany Donaldson. “Editorial: Environmental Enrichment: Enhancing Neural Plasticity, Resilience, and Repair.” Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience 13, no. 75 (2019). https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00075.

  • King, Barbara J. How Animals Grieve. Chicago: Chicago University Press, 2013.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Koh, Ignatius. “Hachiko Statue in Shibuya.” Japan Travel, June 23, 2019. https://en.japantravel.com/tokyo/hachiko-statue-in-shibuya/44644.

  • Laland, K.N., N. Atton, and M.M. Webster. “From Fish to Fashion: Experimental and Theoretical Insights into the Evolution of Culture.” Philosophical Transactions Royal Society B 366, no. 1567 (2011): 958–68. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0328.

  • Liu, Dong, Josie Diorio, Jamie C. Day, Darlene D. Francis, and Michael J. Meaney. “Maternal Care, Hippocampal Synaptogenesis and Cognitive Development in Rats.” Nature Neuroscience 3, no. 8 (2000): 799–806.

    Google Scholar 

  • Low, Philip, Jaak Panksepp, Diana Reiss, David Edelman, Bruno Van Swinderen, and Christof Koch. “The Cambridge Declaration on Consciousness.” Cambridge (UK), July 7, 2012. http://fcmconference.org/img/CambridgeDeclarationOnConsciousness.pdf.

  • Lyotard, Jean-François. The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge. Translated by Geoff Bennington and Brian Massumi. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marino, Lori, and Christina M. Colvin. “Thinking Pigs: A Comparative Review of Cognition, Emotion, and Personality in Sus Domesticus.” International Journal of Comparative Psychology 28, no. 1 (2015). 10.46867/ijcp.2015.28.00.04.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marino, Lori. “Thinking Chickens: A Review of Cognition, Emotion, and Behaviour in the Domestic Chicken.” Animal Cognition 20, no. 2 (2017): 127–47.

    Google Scholar 

  • McLaughlin, Katie A., Margaret A. Sheridan, Sonia Alves, and Wendy Berry Mendes. “Child Maltreatment and Autonomic Nervous System Reactivity: Identifying Dysregulated Stress Reactivity Patterns Using the Biopsychosocial Model of Challenge and Threat.” Psychosomatic Medicine 76, no. 7 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0000000000000098.

  • Meaney, Michael J. “Maternal Care, Gene Expression, and the Transmission of Individual Differences in Stress Reactivity across Generations.” Annual Review of Neuroscience 24 (2001): 1161–92.

    Google Scholar 

  • Midgley, Mary. Beast and Man: The Roots of Human Nature. London: Routledge, 2002 [1978].

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell, Les. Reading the Animal Text in the Landscape of the Damned. Grahamstown: NISC, 2019.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nöbel, Sabine, Mélanie Allain, Guillaume Isabel, and Etienne Danchin. “Mate Copying in Drosophila Melanogaster Males.” Animal Behaviour 141 (2018): 9–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2018.04.019.

  • Nordanger, Dag Ø. “Coping With Loss and Bereavement in Post-War Tigray, Ethiopia.” Transcultural Psychiatry 44, no. 4 (2007): 545–65.

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Connor, Mary-Frances, David K. Wellisch, Annette L. Stanton, Naomi I. Eisenberger, Michael R. Irwin, and Matthew D. Lieberman. “Craving Love? Enduring Grief Activates Brain’s Reward Center.” NeuroImage 42, no. 2 (2008): 969–72.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oliver, Kelly. “Pet Lovers, Pathologized.” New York Times, October 30, 2011. https://archive.nytimes.com/opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/10/30/the-pathology-of-dependence-on-animals/

  • Omland, Kevin, Evangeline Rose, and Karan Odom. “Women Have Disrupted Research on Bird Song, and Their Findings Show How Diversity can Improve All Fields of Science.” The Conversation, September 11, 2020. https://theconversation.com/women-have-disrupted-research-on-bird-song-and-their-findings-show-how-diversity-can-improve-all-fields-of-science-142874.

  • Panksepp, Jaak, and Lucy Biven. The Archaeology of Mind: Neuroevolutionary Origins of Human Emotions. New York: W.W. Norton, 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  • Panksepp, Jaak. “Cross-Species Affective Neuroscience Decoding of the Primal Affective Experiences of Humans and Related Animals.” PLOS ONE 6, no. 8 (2011): e21236. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0021236.

  • Parkes, Colin Murray, Pittu Laungani, and Bill Young (Eds.). Death and Bereavement across Cultures. London: Routledge, 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  • Phelps, Norm. The Longest Struggle: Animals Advocacy from Pythagoras to PETA. New York: Lantern Books, 2007.

    Google Scholar 

  • Polan, Jonathan H., and Myron A. Hofer. “Psychobiological Origins of Infant Attachment and Its Role in Development.” In Handbook of Attachment: Theory, Research, and Clinical Applications, edited by Jude Cassidy and Phillip R. Shaver, 3rd ed., 117–32. New York: The Guilford Press, 2016.

    Google Scholar 

  • Preti, Antonio. “Suicide among Animals: A Review of Evidence.” Psychological Reports 101 (2007): 831–48.

    Google Scholar 

  • Safina, Carl. Beyond Words: What Animals Think and Feel. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sapolsky, Robert M. “Mothering Style and Methylation.” Nature Neuroscience 7, no. 8 (2004): 791–2.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sargent, Carolyn. “Between Death and Shame: Dimensions of Pain in Bariba Culture.” Social Science and Medicine 19, no. 12 (1984): 1299–1304.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scheper-Hughes, Nancy. Death without Weeping: The Violence of Everyday Life in Brazil. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Schore, Allan N. “Attachment, Affect Regulation, and the Developing Right Brain: Linking Developmental Neuroscience to Pediatrics.” Pediatrics in Review 26, no. 6 (2005): 204–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schore, Allan N. The Science of the Art of Psychotherapy. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  • Siegel, Daniel J. Mindsight: The New Science of Personal Transformation. New York: Bantam Books Trade Paperbacks, 2011 [2010].

    Google Scholar 

  • Sjaak van Der Geest. “Dying Peacefully: Considering Good Death and Bad Death in Kwahu Tafo, Ghana.” Social Science and Medicine 58, no. 5 (2004): 899–911.

    Google Scholar 

  • Snyder, Allan, Terry Bossomaier, and D. John Mitchell. “Concept Formation: ‘Object’ Attributes Dynamically Inhibited From Conscious Awareness.” Journal of Integrative Neuroscience 3, no. 1 (2004): 31–46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stacho, Martin, Christina Herold, Noemi Rook, Hermann Wagner, Markus Axer, Katrin Amunts, and Onur Güntürkün. “A Cortex-Like Canonical Circuit in the Avian Forebrain.” Science 369, no. 6511 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abc5534.

  • Stevenson, I. Neil. “Colerina: Reactions to Emotional Stress in the Peruvian Andes.” Social Science and Medicine 11, no. 5 (1977): 303–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Suomi, Stephen J. “Attachment in Rhesus Monkeys.” In Handbook of Attachment: Theory, Research, and Clinical Applications, edited by Jude Cassidy and Phillip R. Shaver, 3rd ed., 133–54. New York: The Guilford Press, 2016.

    Google Scholar 

  • Takahashi, Tetsumi, Haruki Ochi, Masanori Kohda, and Michio Hori. “Invisible Pair Bonds Detected by Molecular Analyses.” Biology letters 8, no. 3 (2012): 355–57. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2011.1006.

  • University of Wyoming. “Big Game Animals Must Learn to Migrate and Pass Knowledge across Generations.” Science Daily, September 6, 2018. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/09/180906141626.htm.

  • Vallortigara, Giorgio, Allan Snyder, Gisela Kaplan, Patrick Bateson, Nicola S. Clayton, and Lesley J. Rogers. “Are Animals Autistic Savants?” Plos Biology 6, no. 2 (2008): 0208–14. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0060042.

  • von Stuckrad, Kocku. A Cultural History of the Soul: Europe and North America from 1870 to the Present. New York: Columbia University Press, 2022.

    Google Scholar 

  • Waynforth, D. “Mate Choice Copying in Humans.” Human Nature 18, no. 3 (2007): 264–71. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12110-007-9004-2.

  • Weaver, Ian C.G., Nadia Cervoni, Frances A. Champagne, Ana C. D’Alessio, Shakti Sharma, Jonathan R. Seckl, Sergiy Dymov, Moshe Szyf, and Michael J. Meaney. “Epigenetic Programming by Maternal Behaviour.” Nature Neuroscience 7, no. 8 (2004): 847–54.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whiten, Andrew. “Culture Is So Common that Even Fish and Flies Have It.” Interview by Michael La Page. New Scientist, April 1, 2021a. https://www.newscientist.com/article/2273450-animal-culture-is-so-common-that-even-fish-and-flies-have-it/.

  • Whiten, Andrew. “The Burgeoning Reach of Animal Culture.” Science 372, no. 46 (2021b). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abe6514.

  • Willett, Cynthia. “Can a Mirror Capture the Self?” Animal Sentience 25, no. 36 (2019). https://doi.org/10.51291/2377-7478.1467.

  • Williams, Howard. The Ethics of Diet: An Anthology of Vegetarian Thought. Guildford: White Crow Books, 2009.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yoerg, Sonja. “Mentalist Imputations.” Science 258, no. 5083 (1992): 830–1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yong, Ed. An Immense World: How Animal Senses Reveal the Hidden Realm Around Us. New York: Random House, 2022.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, School of Languages and Cultures, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia

    Teya Brooks Pribac

Authors
  1. Teya Brooks Pribac
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa

    Michael J. Glover

  2. University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa

    Les Mitchell

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2024 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Brooks Pribac, T. (2024). Je Suis, Je Suis—I am, I Follow: Formation of Animal Individual and Cultural Selves. In: Glover, M.J., Mitchell, L. (eds) Animals as Experiencing Entities. The Palgrave Macmillan Animal Ethics Series. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-46456-0_2

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation