Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Use of Eye-Tracking Methodology for Learning in College Students: Systematic Review of Underlying Cognitive Processes

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
International Joint Conference 16th International Conference on Computational Intelligence in Security for Information Systems (CISIS 2023) 14th International Conference on EUropean Transnational Education (ICEUTE 2023) (CISIS 2023, ICEUTE 2023)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems ((LNNS,volume 748))

  • 307 Accesses

Abstract

Learning processes and outcomes have been one of the main focuses of interest in educational research. The main objective of this systematic review is to provide a comprehensive and integrative view of the application of eye tracking to identify cognitive processes involved in college students’ learning process. The bibliographic sources for this review were databases Web of Science, PsycINFO and Scopus. After carrying out the screening process by two independent reviewers, 17 articles were included according to prespecified inclusion criteria. In general, it was observed a deeper learning and comprehension of the concepts when visual or picture stimulus were presented compared to text cues. This systematic review is a rapid updated of the processes involved in learning in college students, providing a comprehensive view of the current situation to design innovative educational programs.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Lai, M., et al.: A review of using eye-tracking technology in exploring learning from 2000 to 2012. Educ. Res. Rev. 10, 90–115 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Mintzes, J.J., Wandersee, J.H., Novak, J.D.: Assessing science understanding. Academic Press, San Diego (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Skaramagkas, V., et al.: Review of eye tracking metrics involved in emotional and cognitive processes. IEEE Rev. Biomed. Eng. 16, 260–277 (2023)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Alemdag, E., Cagiltay, K.: A systemtic review of eye tracking research on multimedia learning. Comput. Educ. 125, 413–428 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Rayner, K.: Eye movements in reading and processing information: 20 years of research. Psychol. Bull. 124(3), 372–422 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Jacob, R.J., Karn, K.S.: Eye-tracking in human-computer interaction and usability research: ready to deliver the promeses. In: Hyona, J.R., Radach, H.D. (eds.). The mind’s eyes: Cognitive and applied aspects of eye movements. Elsevier Science, Oxford (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Sáiz-Manzanares, M.C., Marticorena-Sánchez, R., Rodríguez-Arribas, S., Escolar-Llamazares, M.C., Alonso-Martínez, L.: Estudio de los Procesos Cognitivos y Metacognitivos: Utilización de la Tecnología Eye Tracking Ventajas e Inconvenientes. Investigación y Práctica en Contextos Clínicos y de la Salud. Dykinson, Madrid (2022)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Ariasi, N., Mason, L.: From covert processes to overt outcomes of refutationtext reading: the interplay of science text structure and working memory capacity through eye fixations. Int. J. Sci. Math. Educ. 12, 493–523 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Bacca-Acosta, J., Tejada, J., Fabregat, R., Kinshuk, J.G.: Scaffolding in immersive virtual reality environments for learning English: an eye tracking study. Educ. Technol. Res. Dev. 70(1), 339–362 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-021-10068-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Chen, Y., Yang, F.: Probing the relationship between process of spatial problems solving and science learning: an eye tracking approach. Int. J. Sci. Math. Educ. 12, 579–603 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Chen, S., She, H., Chuang, M., Wu, J., Tsai, J., Jung, T.: Eye movements predict students’ computer-based assessment performance of physics concepts in different presentation modalities. Comput. Educ. 74, 61–72 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Fan, K., et al.: Predicting the reader’s English level from reading fixation patterns using the Siamese convolutional neural network. IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehabil. Eng. 30, 1071–1080 (2022)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Koc-Januchta, M., Höffler, T., Thoma, G., Prechtl, H., Leutner, D.: Visualizers versus verbalizers: effects of cognitive style on learning with texts and pictures–an eye-tracking study. Comput. Hum. Behav. 68, 170–179 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Kokoç, M., Ilgaz, H., Altun, A.: Effects of sustained attention and video lecture types on learning performances. Educ. Technol. Res. Dev. 68(6), 3015–3039 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-020-09829-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Kühl, T., Stebner, F., Navratil, S., Fehringer, B., Münzer, S.: Text information and spatial abilities in learning with different visualizations formats. J. Educ. Psychol. 110(4), 561 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Li, W., Wang, F., Mayer, R.E., Liu, H.: Getting the point: which kinds of gestures by pedagogical agents improve multimedia learning? J. Educ. Psychol. 111(8), 1382 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Moon, J., Ryu, J.: The effects of social and cognitive cues on learning comprehension, eye-gaze pattern, and cognitive load in video instruction. J. Comput. High. Educ. 33, 39–63 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Pardi, G., Hienert, D., Kammerer, Y.: Examining the use of text and video resources during web-search based learning—a new methodological approach. New Rev. Hypermedia Multimedia 28(1–2), 39–67 (2022)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Peng, X., Xu, Q., Chen, Y., Zhou, C., Ge, Y., Li, N.: An eye tracking study: positive emotional interface design facilitates learning outcomes in multimedia learning? Int. J. Educ. Technol. High. Educ. 18(1), 1–18 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Ponce, H., Mayer, R.: Qualitatively different cognitive processing during online reading primed by different study activities. Comput. Hum. Behav. 30, 121–130 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Wang, J., Antonenko, P., Dawson, K.: Does visual attention to the instructor in online video affect learning and learner perceptions? An eye-tracking analysis. Computers & Education 146, 103779 (2022)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Yang, J., Zhang, Y., Pi, Z., Xie, Y.: Students’ achievement motivation moderates the effects of interpolated pre-questions on attention and learning from video lectures. Learn. Individ. Differ. 91, 102055 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Zander, S., Wetzel, S., Kühl, T., Bertel, S.: Underlying Procesess of an Inverted Personalization Effect in Multimedia Learning: An Eye-Tracking Study. Front. Psychol. 8, 2202 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Zander, S., Reichelt, M., Wetzel, S., Kämmerer, F., Bertel, S.: Does personalisation promote learners’ attention? An eye-tracking study. Frontline Learning Research 3, 1–13 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This study has been funded by two research projects: European eEarlyCare-T project No. 2021–1-ES01-KA220-SCH-000032661 and SmartLearnUni R&D&I project No. PID2020-117111RB-I00.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Burgos, Faculty of Health Sciences, Paseo de Comendadores S/N Burgos, 09001, Burgos, Spain

    Irene González-Diez, Carmen Varela & María Consuelo Sáiz-Manzanares

  2. University of Barcelona, Faculty of Psychology, Gran Via de Les Corts Catalanes, 585, 08007, Barcelona, Spain

    Carmen Varela

Authors
  1. Irene González-Diez
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Carmen Varela
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. María Consuelo Sáiz-Manzanares
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Irene González-Diez .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Engineering, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain

    Pablo García Bringas

  2. School of Industrial, Computer and Aerospace Engineering, University of Leon, León, Spain

    Hilde Pérez García

  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain

    Francisco Javier Martínez de Pisón

  4. Data Science and Big Data Lab, Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain

    Francisco Martínez Álvarez

  5. Data Science and Big Data Lab, Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain

    Alicia Troncoso Lora

  6. Applied Computational Intelligence, University of Burgos, Burgos, Burgos, Spain

    Álvaro Herrero

  7. Department of Industrial Engineering, University of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain

    José Luis Calvo Rolle

  8. Department of Industrial Engineering, University of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain

    Héctor Quintián

  9. Faculty of Science, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain

    Emilio Corchado

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

González-Diez, I., Varela, C., Sáiz-Manzanares, M.C. (2023). Use of Eye-Tracking Methodology for Learning in College Students: Systematic Review of Underlying Cognitive Processes. In: García Bringas, P., et al. International Joint Conference 16th International Conference on Computational Intelligence in Security for Information Systems (CISIS 2023) 14th International Conference on EUropean Transnational Education (ICEUTE 2023). CISIS ICEUTE 2023 2023. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, vol 748. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-42519-6_27

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation