Skip to main content

Review of Weed Detection Methods Based on Machine Learning Models

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Systems for Sustainable Development (AI2SD 2022)

Abstract

Agriculture production is significantly affected by weeds. Improving production levels in agriculture is important, and getting only weeds sprayed accurately is crucial. Only weeds need to be sprayed accurately, while distinguishing them from crops. Several methods have been used by scholars in recent years to accomplish this goal. There are two approaches to solving weed detection problems: Traditional methods of classification and identification of images and deep learning methods. This review discusses both approaches, and their pros and cons. Recently, many methods for detecting weeds have been developed. This article reviews the methods that have been developed, as well as some pictures of related plant leaves. It also talks about the pros and cons of each method. Future prospects for weed detection research are discussed, as well as the problems with current methods.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 259.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Raja, R., Nguyen, T.T., Slaughter, D.C., Fennimore, S.A.: Real-time robotic weed knife control system for tomato and lettuce based on geometric appearance of plant labels. Biosyst. Eng. 194, 152–164 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Lottes, P., Behley, J., Chebrolu, N., Milioto, A., Stachniss, C.: Robust joint stem detection and crop-weed classification using image sequences for plant-specific treatment in precision farming. J. Field Robot. 37(1), 20–34 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Huang, H., Lan, Y., Yang, A., Zhang, Y., Wen, S., Deng, J.: Deep learning versus object-based image analysis (OBIA) in weed mapping of UAV imagery. Int. J. Remote Sens. 41(9), 3446–3479 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Abdalla, A., et al.: Fine-tuning convolutional neural network with transfer learning for semantic segmentation of ground-level oilseed rape images in a field with high weed pressure. Comput. Electron. Agric. 167, 105091 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Huang, H., et al.: A semantic labeling approach for accurate weed mapping of high resolution UAV imagery. Sensors 18(7), 2113 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Sa, I., et al.: WeedNet: dense semantic weed classification using multispectral images and MAV for smart farming. IEEE Robot. Automat. Lett. 3(1), 588–595 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Sa, I., et al.: Weedmap: a large-scale semantic weed mapping framework using aerial multispectral imaging and deep neural network for precision farming. Remote Sensing 10(9), 1423 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Noxious Weeds Management. In: ARTICLE 1.7. California Legislature. 2018. https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_display. Accessed 2 Nov 2019

  9. Hodgson, J.M.: The Nature, Ecology, and Control of Canada Thistle, Vol. 1386. Agricultural Research service, US Dept. of Agriculture [for sale by the Supt … 1968]

    Google Scholar 

  10. Monaco, T., Grayson, A., Sanders, D.: Influence of four weed species on the growth, yield, and quality of direct-seeded tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum). Weed Sci. 29(4), 394–397 (1981)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Nave, W., Wax, L.: Effect of weeds on soybean yield and harvesting efficiency. Weed Sci. 19(5), 533–535 (1971)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Smith, D.T., Baker, R.V., Steele, G.L.: Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) impacts on yield, harvesting, and ginning in dryland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Weed Technol. 14(1), 122–126 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Amend, S., et al.: Weed management of the luture. KI-Kunstliche IntelUgenz 33(4), 411–415 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Wang, A., Zhang, W., Wei, X.: A review on weed detection using ground-based machine vision and image processing techniques. Comput. Electron. Agric. 158, 226–240 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Brown, R.B., Noble, S.D.: Site-specific weed management: sensing requirements—what do we need to see? Weed Sci. 53(2), 252–258 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Pereira, J.F.Q., Pimentel, M.F., Amigo, J.M., Honorato, R.S.: Detection and identification of Cannabis sativa L. using near infrared hyperspectral imaging and machine learning methods. a feasibility study. Spectrochimica Acta Part A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc. 237 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2020.118385

  17. Yu J., Schumann, A.W., Cao, Z., Sharpe, S.M., Boyd, N.: Weed detection in perennial ryegrass with deep learning convolutional Neural Network, 2019, https://www.frontiersin.org/article/https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.01422

  18. Tiwari, O.; Goyal, V.; Kumar, P.; Vij, S. An experimental set up for utilizing convolutional neural network in automated weed detection. In: Proceedings of the 2019 4th International Conference on Internet of Things: Smart Innovation and Usages (IoT-SIU), Ghaziabad, India, 18–19 April 2019, pp. 1–6 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Gongal, A., Amatya, S., Karkee, M., Zhang, Q., Lewis, K.: Sensors and systems for fruit detection and localization: a review. Comput. Electron. Agric. 116, 8–19 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Hu, K., Coleman, G., Zeng, S., Wang, Z., Walsh, M.: Graph weeds net: a graph-based deep learning method for weed recognition. Comput. Electron. Agric. 174, 105520 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Jiang, H., Zhang, C., Qiao, Y., Zhang, Z., Zhang, W., Song, C.: CNN feature based graph convolutional network for weed and crop recognition in smart farming. Comput. Electron. Agric. 174, 105450 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Tang, J., Wang, D., Zhang, Z., He, L., Xin, J., Xu, Y.: Weed identification based on K-means feature learning combined with convolutional neural network. Comput. Electron. Agric. 135, 63–70 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Fu, X.; Qu, H. Research on semantic segmentation of high-resolution remote sensing image based on full convolutional neural network. In: Proceedings of the 2018 12th International Symposium on Antennas, Propagation and EM Theory (ISAPE), Hangzhou, China, 3–6 December 2018, pp. 1–4 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Ma, X., et al.: Fully convolutional network for rice seedling and weed image segmentation at the seedling stage in paddy fields. PLoS ONE 14, e0215676 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Dyrmann, M., Jørgensen, R., Midtiby, H.: RoboWeedSupport-detection of weed locations in leaf occluded cereal crops using a fully convolutional neural network. Adv. Anim. Biosci. 8, 842–847 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Huang, H., et al.: accurate weed mapping and prescription map generation based on fully convolutional networks using UAV imagery. Sensors 18, 3299 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Potena, C.; Nardi, D.; Pretto, A. Fast and accurate crop and weed identification with summarized train sets for precision agriculture. Intell. Auto. Syst. 14. IAS (2016). Adv. Intell. Systems Comput. 2017, 531, 105–121

    Google Scholar 

  28. Ramirez, W.; Achanccaray, P.; Mendoza, L.; Pacheco, M.: Deep convolutional neural networks for weed detection in agricultural crops using optical aerial images. In: Proceedings of the 2020 IEEE Latin American GRSS & ISPRS Remote Sensing Conference (LAGIRS), Santiago, Chile, 22–26 March 2020, pp. 133–137 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  29. Lottes, P., Behley, J., Milioto, A., Stachniss, C.: Fully convolutional networks with sequential information for robust crop and weed detection in precision farming. IEEE Robot. Automat. Lett. 5(4), 2870–2877 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Raja, R., Nguyen, T.T., Slaughter, D.C., Fennimore, S.A.: Real-time robotic weed knife control system for tomato and lettuce based on geometric appearance of plant labels. Biosyst. Eng. 194, 152–164 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  31. Huang, H., Lan, Y., Yang, A., Zhang, Y., Wen, S., Deng, J.: Deep learning versus object-based image analysis (OBIA) in weed mapping of UAV imagery. Int. J. Remote Sens. 41(9), 3446–3479 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  32. Abdalla, A., et al.: Fine-tuning convo-lutional neural network with transfer learning for semantic segmentation of ground-level oilseed rape images in a field with high weed pressure. Comput. Electron. Agric. 167, 105091 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  33. Huang, H., et al.: A semantic labeling approach for accurate weed mapping of high resolution UAV imagery. Sensors 18(7), 2113 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  34. Sa, I., et al.: WeedNet: dense semantic weed classification using multispectral images and MAV for smart farming. IEEE Robot. Automat. Lett. 3(1), 588–595 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  35. Sa, I., et al.: Weedmap: a large-scale semantic weed mapping framework using aerial multispectral imaging and deep neural network for precision farming. Remote Sens. 10(9), 1423 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  36. Yu, J., Schumann, A., Cao, Z., Sharpe, S., Boyd, N.: Weed detection in perennial ryegrass with deep learning convolutional neural network. Front. Plant Sci. 10, 1422 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Bakhshipour, A., Jafari, A.: Evaluation of support vector machine and artificial neural networks in weed detection using shape features. Comput. Electron. Agric. 145, 153–160 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Zheng, Y., Zhong, G., Wang, Q., Zhao, Y., Zhao, Y.: Method of leaf identification based on multi-feature dimension reduction. Trans. Chin. Soc. Agric. Mach. 48, 30–37 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  39. Naresh, Y., Nagendraswamy, H.: Classification of medicinal plants: an approach using modified LBP with symbolic representation. Neurocomputing 173, 1789–1797 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Tang, Z., Su, Y., Er, M., Qi, F., Zhang, L., Zhou, J.: A local binary pattern based texture descriptors for classification of tea leaves. Neurocomputing 168, 1011–1023 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Olsen, A., et al.: Deepweeds: a multiclass weed species image dataset for deep learning. Sci. Rep. 9, 2058 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Bouchra El Jgham .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

El Jgham, B., Abdoun, O., El Khatir, H. (2023). Review of Weed Detection Methods Based on Machine Learning Models. In: Kacprzyk, J., Ezziyyani, M., Balas, V.E. (eds) International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Systems for Sustainable Development. AI2SD 2022. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, vol 713. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35248-5_52

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics