Abstract
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders – fifth edition (DSM-5) proposed a new specifier for conduct disorders (CD), that is “with limited prosocial emotions” (LPE). The aim is to identify children and adolescents who meet full CD criteria and persistently and pervasively show two or more out of four criteria: (1) lack of remorse or guilt, (2) callous lack of empathy, (3) unconcerned about performance, and (4) shallow or deficient affect. The inclusion of the LPE specifier was based on a robust literature that enucleated a specific subgroup of CD children and adolescents characterized by severe maladaptive and antisocial behaviors and high developmental risk for adult antisocial personality disorder and global negative outcome. This subgroup of CD youths has been associated with the presence of specific temperamental traits, described primarily in adult psychopathy, named callous-unemotional (CU) traits, and characterized by reduced emotional responsiveness to others’ distress, low sensitivity to punishment cues, impairment in empathic concerns, and scarce capacity to generate prosocial attitudes. This chapter will describe the symptomatologic correlates and developmental trajectories of CU traits from childhood through adolescence to adulthood and will try to elucidate the international literature of the past 15 years’ contributions with respect to the identification of genetic, temperamental, and socio-environmental factors in the genesis of CU traits as well as with respect to their neurobiological and psychophysiological underpinnings. With the aim to facilitate the early identification of children and adolescents with CD and CU traits with preventive purposes, assessment strategies will be proposed, and validated assessment tools will be described in clinical and nonclinical populations, for different age groups and from various informants (self-reports, parents, teachers, clinicians). Finally, major therapeutic intervention models will be described that have shown evidence of effectiveness in CD with CU traits by reducing aggressive and antisocial behaviors and preventing negative outcomes.
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Abbreviations
- ADHD:
-
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
- APSD:
-
Antisocial process screening device
- BDNF:
-
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor
- BES:
-
Basic Empathy Scale
- CAPE:
-
Clinical Assessment of Prosocial Emotions
- CD:
-
Conduct disorders
- COMT:
-
Catechol-O-methyltransferase
- CP:
-
Conduct problems
- CPP:
-
Coping power program
- CPS:
-
Childhood Psychopathy Scale
- CPTI:
-
Child Problematic Traits Inventory
- CU:
-
Callous-unemotional
- DSM:
-
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
- DTI:
-
Diffusion tensor imaging
- FFT:
-
Functional Family Therapy
- HTR:
-
5-Hydroxytryptamine receptor
- ICD:
-
International Classification of Diseases
- ICU:
-
Inventory for Callous-Unemotional Traits
- IRI:
-
Interpersonal Reactivity Index
- K-SADS-PL:
-
Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Present and Lifetime version
- LPE:
-
Limited prosocial emotions
- MAOA:
-
Monoamine oxidase A
- MPH:
-
Methylphenidate
- MRI:
-
Magnetic resonance imaging
- MST:
-
Multisystemic Therapy
- ODD:
-
Oppositional defiant disorder
- PCL:YV:
-
Youth Version of the Psychopathy Checklist
- PSCD:
-
Proposed Specifiers for Conduct Disorder
- TriPM:
-
Triarchic Psychopathy Measure
- UNSW:
-
University of New South Wale
- YPI:
-
Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory
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Sesso, G., Milone, A. (2023). Conduct Disorder, Empathy, and Callous-Unemotional Traits. In: Martin, C.R., Preedy, V.R., Patel, V.B. (eds) Handbook of Anger, Aggression, and Violence. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-31547-3_28
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-31547-3_28
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