Abstract
Due to a growing societal concern, organizations are increasingly expected to disclose non-financial information. In response to these concerns, Social Return on Investment (SROI) has emerged as a method of measuring and monetizing social value. SROI is a performance measurement framework that measures how efficiently organizations utilize available resources to create social value. In contrast to traditional cost-benefit analyses, the SROI provides a more holistic view of impact. SROI translates social results into a monetary value, which helps organizations create a broader picture of the results from their time and money invested. This, in turn, assists organizations in identifying opportunities for generating future social and financial value. This chapter examines the applications and limitations of measuring social value, focusing on the challenges organizations face in attempting to report a reliable, valid, and relevant measure of SROI. The challenges in the reliable measurement of SROI include identifying stakeholders, proxies, data, time horizons, and deadweight factors. Challenges involve comparability, subjectivity, legitimacy, and resource utility. Whether SROI is a correct and appropriate method of measuring social value depends on the specific organization and its social activities. Therefore, managers must thoroughly examine the possible pros and cons of the technique before applying SROI.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Arvidson M, Lyon F, Mckay S et al (2010) The ambitions and challenges of SROI. Third Sector Research Centre http://epapers.bham.ac.uk/788/. Accessed 25 Aug 2022
Bagnoli L, Megali C (2011) Measuring performance in social enterprises. Nonprofit Volunt Sect Q 40(1):149–165
Congent Ventures (n.d.) Measuring the social return in the natural health service. Community Forest Trust. https://www.merseyforest.org.uk/files/documents/1355/Community+Forest+Report+Final.pdf. Accessed 25 Aug 2022
Cooney K (2017) Legitimation dynamics: how SROI could mobilize resources for new constituencies. Eval Program Plann 64:110–115
Cooney K, Lynch-Cerullo K (2014) Measuring the social returns of nonprofits and social enterprises: the promise and perils of the SROI. Nonprofit Policy Forum 5(2):367–393. https://doi.org/10.1515/npf-2014-0017
Cordes JJ (2017) Using cost-benefit analysis and social return on investment to evaluate the impact of social enterprise: promises, implementation, and limitations. Eval Program Plann 64:98–104
Dacin PA, Dacin TM, Matear M (2010) Social entrepreneurship: why we don’t need a new theory and how we move forward from here. Acad Manag Perspect 24(3):37–58
Daw TM, Coulthard S, Cheung WW et al (2015) Evaluating taboo trade-offs in ecosystem services and human well-being. Social Sci PNAS 112(22):6949–6954. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1414900112
Emerson J (2003) The blended value proposition integrating social and financial returns. Calif Manag Rev 45(4):35–52
Gibbon J, Dey C (2011) Developments in social impact measurement in the third sector: scaling up or dumbing down? Soc Environ Account J 31(1):63–72
Hemmerling C, Barra M, Bienn H (2017) Restore the earth foundation cypress reforestation social return on investment report: pointe-aux-Chenes wildlife management area. Restore the Earth Foundation https://restoretheearth.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/REF-Water-Institute-Pointe-aux-Chenes-SROI-Report-FINAL-08.30.2017-1.pdf. Accessed 25 Aug 2022
Kroeger A, Weber C (2014) Developing a conceptual framework for comparing social value creation. Acad Manag Rev 39(4):513–540
Lingane A, Olsen S (2004) Guidelines for social return on investment. Calif Manag Rev 46(3):1–10
Lueg R, Carvalho e Silva AL (2013) When one size does not fit all: a literature review on the modifications of the balanced scorecard. Probl Perspect Manag 11(3):61–69
Luke B, Barraket J, Eversole R (2013) Measurement as legitimacy versus legitimacy of measures. Qual Res Account Manag 10(3/4):234–258
Maier F, Schober C, Simsa R et al (2015) SROI as a method for evaluation research: understanding merits and limitations. Voluntas 26(5):1805–1830
Mair J, Martí I (2006) Social entrepreneurship research: a source of explanation, prediction, and delight. J World Bus 41(1):36–44
Manero A, Taylor K, Nikolakis W et al (2022) A systematic literature review of non-market valuation of indigenous peoples’ values: current knowledge, best-practice and framing questions for future research. Ecosyst Serv 54:101417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2022.101417
McLoughlin J, Kaminski J, Sodagar B et al (2009) A strategic approach to social impact measurement of social enterprises. Soc Enterp J 5(2):154–178
Millar R, Hall K (2013) Social return on investment (SROI) and performance measurement. Public Adm Rev 15(6):923–941
Mook L, Chan A, Kershaw D (2015) Measuring social Enterprise value creation. Nonprofit Manag Leadersh 26(2):189–207
Nicholls A (2009) ‘We do good things, don't we?’: ‘Blended value accounting’ in social entrepreneurship. Account Organ Soc 34(6–7):755–769
Nicholls J, Mackenzie S, Somers A (2007) Measuring real value: a DIY guide to social return on investment. The New Economics Foundation http://www.neweconomics.org/sites/neweconomics.org/files/Measuring_Real_Value.pdf. Accessed 25 Aug 2022
Nicholls J, Lawlor E, Neitzert E et al (2012) A guide to social return on investment. The SROI Network. https://www.socialvalueint.org/guide-to-sroi. Accessed 25 Aug 2022
Nielsen JG, Lueg R, van Liempd D (2019) Managing multiple logics: the role of performance measurement systems in social enterprises. Sustainability 11(8):1–23
Nielsen JG, Lueg R, van Liempd D (2020) Challenges and boundaries in implementing social return on investment: an inquiry into its situational appropriateness. Nonprofit Manag Leadersh 31(3):413–435
O’Neil E (2009) Social Return on Investment (SROI) analysis of the Greenlink, a partnership project managed by the Central Scotland Forest Trust (CSFT). Greenspace Scotland https://socialvalueuk.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Greenlink-SROI-Final-report-5-October-2009.pdf. Accessed 25 Aug 2022
Olsen S, Lingane A (2003) Social return on investment: standard guidelines. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6xp540hs. Accessed 25 Aug 2022
Pathak P, Dattani P (2014) Social return on investment: three technical challenges. Soc Enterp J 10(2):91–104
Richmond BJ, Mook L, Quarter J (2003) Social accounting for nonprofits: two models. Nonprofit Manag Leadersh 13(4):308–324
Yates BT, Marra M (2017) Social return on investment (SROI): problems, solutions … and is SROI a good investment? Eval Program Plann 64:136–144
Zahra S, Gedajlovic E, Neubaum DO et al (2009) A typology of social entrepreneurs: motives, search processes, and ethical challenges. J Bus Ventur 24(5):519–532
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Damtoft, N.F., Lueg, R., van Liempd, D., Nielsen, J.G. (2023). A Critical Perspective on the Measurement of Social Value Through SROI. In: Nikolakis, W., Moura da Veiga, R. (eds) Social Value, Climate Change and Environmental Stewardship: Insights from Theory and Practice. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-23145-2_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-23145-2_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-23144-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-23145-2
eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)