Abstract
This chapter summarizes innovations in security risk and capability assessment frameworks and methodologies to directly support dynamic decision making, forge a convergence with S&T, operations, intelligence and policy, and inform investment priorities of the Canadian Safety and Security Program (CSSP). Using a thematic approach, this paper reviews how multiple innovations were adopted as “best practices” into the conceptual design, development and implementation of security risk assessment frameworks and methodologies in the CSSP. These include the: use taxonomies to foster key stakeholder ‘buy in’; leveraging architecture frameworks to drive tools, methods and rating schema; the formulation of scenario based approaches for assessing high consequence all hazards risks; and, the application of an integrated risk and capability gap assessment model to guide investment in public safety and security S&T. In the CSSP, the innovations in security risk assessment identified best practices and common tools that supported numerous strategies and S&T portfolios (e.g., CBRNE, Critical Infrastructure Protection, all hazards safety and security; defence infrastructure/military bases), where risk assessment expertise/capability improvements that were adopted by practitioners, interdisciplinary teams and decision makers. Underpinning these innovations were strong partnerships and community-based approaches that enabled a credible risk-informed decision support environment, with consistent/scalable approaches to analysis and decision making under conditions of uncertainty.
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Notes
- 1.
Hales (2016).
- 2.
Friesen (2017).
- 3.
Treasury Board Submission, February 21, 2012.
- 4.
Department of National Defence/Canadian Armed Forces (DND/CAF) 2016–17 Report on Plans and Priorities (Ottawa: Department of National Defence, 2016), p. 50.
- 5.
Treasury Board Submission, February 21, 2012, pp. 24–25.
- 6.
Douglas (2006).
- 7.
Goudreau (2009).
- 8.
Chouinard et al. (2016).
- 9.
Friesen et al. (2015).
- 10.
Gratt (1989).
- 11.
Personal correspondence Alain Goudreau.
- 12.
Committee of Sponsoring Organizations (COSO) (2004).
- 13.
There are guidelines that are kept on the Public Safety Canada website and can be accessed at: https://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/cnt/rsrcs/pblctns/ll-hzrds-ssssmnt/index-en.aspx.
- 14.
Lambe (2007).
- 15.
For discussion, see: Bayne et al. (2013)
- 16.
Verga (2007).
- 17.
Verga (2012, p. 6).
- 18.
See “Glossary of Terms,” QualiWare Center of Excellence. Accessed May 2022: https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwikvJKN3sj3AhXCkIkEHbYyBSsQFnoECAgQAQ&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcoe.qualiware.com%2Fresources%2Fea3%2Fanintroductiontoea%2Fglossary-and-abbreviation-list%2F&usg=AOvVaw2v2-_pJWagqwtHsW0ZzN6-
- 19.
DAOD 2011-0, Enterprise Architecture. Accessed May, 2022: https://www.canada.ca/en/department-national-defence/corporate/policies-standards/defence-administrative-orders-directives/2000-series/2011/2011-0-enterprise-architecture.html.
- 20.
Friesen (2016).
- 21.
Dube (2017).
- 22.
Joyce (2010, p. ii).
- 23.
Alexander (2000).
- 24.
Hales and Race (2010).
- 25.
S. K. Friesen, op cit.
- 26.
See, Verga and Chouinard (2013).
- 27.
See Baingo and Friesen (2020).
- 28.
For discussion, see: I. Bayne, et al.
- 29.
Giroux and Friesen (2014).
- 30.
Friesen et al. (2013a).
- 31.
The Technical Cooperation, JSA TP 3 (2003).
- 32.
Goudreau et al. (2012).
- 33.
For discussion, see: Hales and Chouinard (2011).
- 34.
Defence Research and Development Canada (2013).
- 35.
Friesen et al. (2013b)
- 36.
Goudreau et al. (2012b).
- 37.
Friesen (2020).
- 38.
Hales et al. (2013).
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Friesen, S.K. (2023). Early CSS Innovations in Risk Analysis. In: Masys, A.J. (eds) Safety and Security Science and Technology. Advanced Sciences and Technologies for Security Applications. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-21530-8_6
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