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Abatement of PAHs by Engineered Nanomaterials

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Handbook of Green and Sustainable Nanotechnology

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Abstract

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are the class of persistent organic and hazardous pollutants. Increased population, burning of coal, rapid industrialization, and extensive use of oil fuels are their primary sources. Hence, their frequent occurrence has been detected in soil, sludge, water, and other contamination sources. Considering global presence, toxicity, and potential for bioaccumulation, advanced low-cost techniques are highly mandatory. Various methods based on thermal, microbial, photolysis, and conventional adsorbents have been used for complete eradication. Recently, engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are highly preferred because of definite properties like photocatalysis, quantum confinement, and high surface-to-volume ratio. In this direction, many ENMs as efficient photocatalysts (TiO2, Ag3PO4, ZnO, MHCFs) are used to degrade PAHs (naphthalene, anthracene, and chrysene) in the environment under UV and sunlight irradiation. Photocatalysis has involved the initial adsorption followed by radical mechanism (OH and O2) degradation. Here, we have summarized recent literature on abatement of various PAHs by ENMs and possible degradation pathways for respective PAH. Specific attention to current status, classification of PAHs, challenges, and prospects in the future for enhanced photodegradation of PAHs are also discussed. In addition, green nanomaterials based on plant extract have also been discussed, with a literature gap prevailing in the current research area.

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Acknowledgment

One author, Dr. Manviri Rani, is grateful for the financial assistance from DST-SERB, New Delhi (Sanction order no. SRG/2019/000114), India. The authors are also thankful to TEQIP-phase -III NIT Jalandhar for financial support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India

    Manviri Rani

  2. Polymer and Nanomaterials Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, India

    Uma Shanker

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  1. Manviri Rani
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Correspondence to Uma Shanker .

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  1. Department of Chemistry, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab, India

    Uma Shanker

  2. Chemistry and EVSC, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA

    Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain

  3. Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India

    Manviri Rani

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Rani, M., Shanker, U. (2023). Abatement of PAHs by Engineered Nanomaterials. In: Shanker, U., Hussain, C.M., Rani, M. (eds) Handbook of Green and Sustainable Nanotechnology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16101-8_50

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