Abstract
This chapter aims to provide a basis for a better understanding of the Palestinian paradiplomacy in historical, legal, and institutional terms. This chapter will be the first attempt to look into Palestinian paradiplomacy with focus on the political motive pioneered by its main actor: that of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) and later that the creation of the Palestinian National Authority (PNA); moreover, the Palestinian Ministry of Foreign Affairs (PMOFA) created the International Cooperation Agency (PICA) which will be briefly touched upon. Inspired by “Theory and Practice of Paradiplomacy: Subnational Governments in International Affairs” by Alexander S. Kuznetsov (Theory and Practice of Paradiplomacy. Subnational Governments in International Affairs. London, New York: Routledge, 2015), this chapter will try to explore the Palestinian paradiplomacy and how it evolved throughout the years. Its progress shall be explained in two phases: Pre-Oslo and Post-Oslo Palestinian paradiplomacy. Palestine has a unique nature in its paradiplomacy activity and evolution. It was found necessary to consider the separatist dimension in examining paradiplomacy in Palestine. The approach of the problem of non-recognized states has definitely a tight linkage with contemporary discussions and researches on such urgent political topics as human rights and self-determination of peoples. The examination of de facto states through paradiplomacy is the logical consequence of the existent nature of state recognition mechanism in world politics.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
- 1.
Article 2 of the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations 1961, Article 2.
The establishment of diplomatic relations between States, and of permanent diplomatic missions, takes place by mutual consent.
- 2.
15 conventions and treaties as follows:
-
1.
The Four Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 and the First Additional Protocol
-
2.
The Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations
-
3.
The Vienna Convention on Consular Relations
-
4.
The Convention on the Rights of the Child and the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Involvement of Children in armed conflict
-
5.
The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women
-
6.
The Hague Convention (IV) respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land and its annex: Regulations Concerning the Laws and Customs of War on Land
-
7.
The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
-
8.
The Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties
-
9.
The International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination
-
10.
The Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
-
11.
The United Nations Convention against Corruption
-
12.
The Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide
-
13.
The International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid
-
14.
The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
-
15.
The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
-
1.
References
Alvarez, Mariano, and Nahuel Oddone. 2020. Revisiting Paradiplomacy in the Context of COVID-19. E-International Relations, August 5. Accessed March 15, 2022. https://www.e-ir.info/2020/08/05/opinion-revisiting-paradiplomacy-in-the-context-of-covid-19.
Bartmann, Barry. 2006. In or Out: Subnational Island Jurisdictions and the Antechamber of Paradiplomacy. The Round Table 96 (386): 541–599.
Butler, Rohan. 1961. Paradiplomacy. In Studies in Diplomatic History and Historiography, ed. Arshag O. Sarkissian, 12–25. London: Longman.
Cornago, Noé. 2012. On the Normalization of Sub-State Diplomacy. The Hague Journal of Diplomacy 5 (1–2): 11–36. Accessed March 15, 2022. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233521043_On_the_Normalization_of_Sub-State_Diplomacy.
Grant, Thomas D. 1999. The Recognition of States: Law and Practice in Debate and Evolution. Westport: Greenwood Publishing Group.
Hooghe, Liesbet, Gary Marks, and Arjan Schakel. 2012. The Rise of Regional Authorities: A Comparative Study of 42 Democracies. Oxford, New York: Routledge.
Iriqat, Dalal. 2019. Palestinian Nation Branding via Public Diplomacy. International Relations and Diplomacy 7(5): 202–216. Accessed May 2, 2022. http://www.davidpublisher.org/Public/uploads/Contribute/5d005eec16e36.pdf.
———. 2020. Israeli Politics During COVID-19 and the Impact on Palestine. In The Double Lockdown: Palestine Under Occupation and Covid 19, ed. Saeb Erakat and Mitri Raheb, 40–49. Bethlehem: Diyar Publisher.
Kuznetsov, Alexander S. 2015. Theory and Practice of Paradiplomacy. Subnational Governments in International Affairs. London, New York: Routledge.
Lecours, André, and Luis Moreno. 2001. Paradiplomacy and Stateless Nations: a Reference to the Basque Country. Accessed February 27, 2022. https://digital.csic.es/bitstream/10261/1472/1/paradiplomacy_statelesspdf.
Tewari, Falguni. 2017. Paradiplomacy in India: Evolution and Operationalization. ORF Occasional Paper 117: 1–27. Accessed March 15, 2022. https://www.orfonline.org/research/paradiplomacy-india-evolution-operationalisation/.
Tewari, Falguni, and Harsh V. Pant. 2016. Paradiplomacy and India: Growing Role of States in Foreign Policy. Observer Research Foundation, December 6. Accessed May 2, 2022. https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/paradiplomacy-and-india/.
United Nations. 1949. The Geneva Convention Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War of August 12 1949. Accessed March 15, 2022. https://www.un.org/en/genocideprevention/documents/atrocity-crimes/Doc.33_GC-IV-EN.pdf.
———. 1974. PLO sole legitimate representative of the Palestinian people—LAS Rabat Summit—resolution. Seventh Arab League Summit Conference. Resolution on Palestine. Accessed March 15, 2022. https://www.un.org/unispal/document/auto-insert-194621/.
———. 2005a. Vienna Convention on Consular Relations 1963. Accessed March 15, 2022. https://legal.un.org/ilc/texts/instruments/english/conventions/9_2_1963.pdf.
———. 2005b. Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations 1961. Accessed March 15, 2022. https://legal.un.org/ilc/texts/instruments/english/conventions/9_1_1961.pdf.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Iriqat, D.S.M. (2023). Legal Framework, Institutionalization, Tools, and Motives of Palestine’s Paradiplomacy. In: Gürbey, G., Hofmann, S., Ibrahim Seyder, F. (eds) Between Diplomacy and Non-Diplomacy. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-09756-0_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-09756-0_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-09755-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-09756-0
eBook Packages: Political Science and International StudiesPolitical Science and International Studies (R0)