Abstract
This chapter demonstrates the potential aggregate impacts of smartly designed energy-efficient residential building (aka net-zero energy (NZE) buildings) implementations on the US electrical grid based on simulation-based analysis results. The aggregate impact of large-scale NZE implementations on the US electrical grid is evaluated through a simulation-based study of prototype residential building models with distributed photovoltaic (PV) generation systems. A comprehensive whole building energy modeling software program, EnergyPlus, is used to simulate the energy and environmental performance of a smartly designed energy-efficient residential building model (i.e., a net-zero energy multifamily low-rise apartment building). The electricity consumption of those residential building models in 12 different US climate locations is estimated to evaluate potential impacts on the US electric grid. Results indicate that adding distributed PV systems to enable annual multifamily NZE performance can significantly increase changes in imported and exported electricity demand from and to the electrical grid during the daytime. However, using electric energy storage (EES) within NZE homes helps reduce the peak electricity demand during the daytime. The stored electricity in the EES can also be used during the evening time. The peak net-electricity differences on the US electrical grid level could potentially be reduced during the daytime and shifted to the evening.
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Abbreviations
- EES:
-
Electrical energy storage
- NZE:
-
Net-zero energy
- PV:
-
Photovoltaic
- STC:
-
Solar thermal collector
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Kim, D., Cho, H., Mago, P.J. (2023). Potential Impact of Net-Zero Energy Residential Buildings on the US Electric Grid. In: Fathi, M., Zio, E., Pardalos, P.M. (eds) Handbook of Smart Energy Systems. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97940-9_22
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