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Analytical Approaches to Assessment of Phospholipid Metabolism in Physiology and Pathology

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Handbook of Bioanalytics

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Abstract

Among cellular molecules, lipids constitute an important group of macromolecules classified according to their chemical structure and function. Characterization of the entire lipidome is a great challenge, not only due to the structural diversity of lipids but also large number of species. Phospholipids play a key structural and functional role in biological membranes since the phospholipid bilayer serves as a platform for proteins involved in cell signaling, and phospholipids support key metabolic cellular processes. The identification and quantification of phospholipids and products of their metabolism biological material requires the use of sensitive analytical techniques. Lipidomic analysis requires a number of steps, including extraction from a biological matrix, classifying by derivatization, and ending with the analysis of the data obtained. However, these analyses enable the identification of the molecular mechanisms mediated by phospholipids and indicate their metabolites as potential disease biomarkers. This chapter indicates the advantages and disadvantages of various modern analytical approaches, mainly based on the combination of chromatographic techniques with mass spectrometry, currently used to characterize phospholipids and their metabolites resulting from peroxidation (α, β-unsaturated aldehydes and isoprostanes) and enzymatic oxidation of fatty acids (endocannabinoids and eicosanoids). Moreover, tips and pitfalls of the classical quantitative and large-scale analyses are also discussed.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland

    Wojciech Łuczaj, Michał Biernacki, Iwona Jarocka-Karpowicz & Elżbieta Skrzydlewska

Authors
  1. Wojciech Łuczaj
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  2. Michał Biernacki
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  3. Iwona Jarocka-Karpowicz
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  4. Elżbieta Skrzydlewska
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Elżbieta Skrzydlewska .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland

    Bogusław Buszewski

  2. Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland

    Irena Baranowska

Section Editor information

  1. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Analytical Sciences and Physico-Chemistry for Environment (IPREM, UMR 5254 CNRS-UPPA), Pau, France

    Joanna Szpunar

  2. Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland

    Ryszard Łobiński

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Łuczaj, W., Biernacki, M., Jarocka-Karpowicz, I., Skrzydlewska, E. (2022). Analytical Approaches to Assessment of Phospholipid Metabolism in Physiology and Pathology. In: Buszewski, B., Baranowska, I. (eds) Handbook of Bioanalytics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95660-8_6

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