Abstract
There has been renewed enthusiasm over the role of social determinants in impacting health and illness outcomes in the past few decades. While there is unequivocal evidence illustrating how measures of social inclusion interact with health and illness outcomes, the ways in which social inclusion is conceptualized, operationalized, and thus measured are increasingly varied. How then can such emerging work be situated in social determinants of health framework? This chapter begins by charting a brief history of epidemiology and its evolution toward its focus on social determinants of health at the turn of the century; it proposes competing lenses and frameworks to better situate social determinants of health framework that will be utilized in the discussion of social inclusion; it proceeds to review how social inclusion has and can been measured, and its implications for health at varying levels; and it concludes with a commentary on the path forward for research on social inclusion within social determinants of health framework, and the implications that this may have on the communities most affected by issues of social inclusion.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Agahi, N., & Parker, M. G. (2008). Leisure activities and mortality: Does gender matter? Journal of Aging and Health, 20(7), 855–871. https://doi.org/10.1177/0898264308324631
Ang, S. (2018). Social participation and health over the adult life course: Does the association strengthen with age? Social Science & Medicine, 206, 51–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.03.042
Archuleta, A. J., & Miller, C. R. (2011). Validity evidence for the translated version of the personal social capital scale among people of Mexican descent. Journal of the Society for Social Work and Research, 2(2), 39–53. https://doi.org/10.5243/jsswr.2011.2
Baker, P. A. (2000). Measurement of community participation and use of leisure by service users with intellectual disabilities: The Guernsey Community Participation and Leisure Assessment (GCPLA). Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 13(3), 169–185. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-3148.2000.00015.x
Benzeval, M., Bond, L., Campbell, M., Egan, M., Lorenc, T., Petticrew, M., & Popham, F. (2014). How does money influence health? Retrieved from York, United Kingdom: https://www.jrf.org.uk/sites/default/files/jrf/migrated/files/income-health-poverty-full.pdf
Berkman, L. F., Melchior, M., Chastang, J. F., Niedhammer, I., Leclerc, A., & Goldberg, M. (2004). Social integration and mortality: A prospective study of French employees of Electricity of France-Gas of France: The GAZEL cohort. American Journal of Epidemiology, 159(2), 167–174. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwh020
Berkman, L. F., Kawachi, I., & Glymour, M. M. (2015). Social epidemiology (2nd ed.). : Oxford University Press.
Berry, H. L., Rodgers, B., & Dear, K. B. G. (2007). Preliminary development and validation of an Australian community participation questionnaire: Types of participation and associations with distress in a coastal community. Social Science & Medicine, 64(8), 1719–1737. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.12.009
Bosma, H., van de Mheen, H. D., Borsboom, G. J., & Mackenbach, J. P. (2001). Neighborhood socioeconomic status and all-cause mortality. American Journal of Epidemiology, 153(4), 363–371. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/153.4.363
Brisson, D., & Usher, C. L. (2007). Conceptualizing and measuring bonding social capital in low-income neighborhoods. Journal of Social Service Research, 34(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1300/J079v34n01_01
Chang, F.-H., Coster, W. J., Salzer, M. S., Brusilovskiy, E., Ni, P., & Jette, A. M. (2016). A multidimensional measure of participation for adults with serious mental illnesses. Disability and Rehabilitation, 38(7), 695–703. https://doi.org/10.3109/09638288.2015.1056843
Coombs, T., Nicholas, A., & Pirkis, J. (2013). A review of social inclusion measures. The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 47(10), 906–919. https://doi.org/10.1177/0004867413491161
Cordier, R., Milbourn, B., Martin, R., Buchanan, A., Chung, D., & Speyer, R. (2017). A systematic review evaluating the psychometric properties of measures of social inclusion. PLoS One, 12(6), e0179109–e0179109. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0179109
Cornwell, B., & Laumann, E. O. (2015). The health benefits of network growth: New evidence from a national survey of older adults. Social Science & Medicine (1982), 125, 94–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.09.011
Dahan-Oliel, N., Gelinas, I., & Mazer, B. (2008). Social participation in the elderly: What does the literature tell us? Critical Reviews in Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, 20(2), 159–176. https://doi.org/10.1615/CritRevPhysRehabilMed.v20.i2.40
de Greef, M., Segers, M., & Verté, D. (2010). Development of the SIT, an instrument to evaluate the transfer effects of adult education programs for social inclusion. Studies in Educational Evaluation, 36(1), 42–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stueduc.2010.06.001
Demant, D., Hides, L., White, K. M., & Kavanagh, D. J. (2018). Effects of participation in and connectedness to the LGBT community on substance use involvement of sexual minority young people. Addictive Behaviors, 81, 167–174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.01.028
Densley, K., Davidson, S., & Gunn, J. M. (2013). Evaluation of the social participation questionnaire in adult patients with depressive symptoms using Rasch analysis. Quality of Life Research, 22(8), 1987–1997.
Dorer, G., Harries, P., & Marston, L. (2009). Measuring social inclusion: A staff survey of mental health service users’ participation in community occupations. British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 72(12), 520–530. https://doi.org/10.4276/030802209x12601857794691
Hacking, S., & Bates, P. (2008). The inclusion web: A tool for person-centered planning and service evaluation. Mental Health Review Journal, 13(2), 4–15.
Hatzenbuehler, M. L. (2016). Structural stigma: Research evidence and implications for psychological science. The American Psychologist, 71(8), 742–751. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000068
Hirsch, B. J. (1980). Natural support systems and coping with major life changes. Plenum Publishing Corp. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00912658. Retrieved.
Huxley, P., Evans, S., Madge, S., Webber, M., Burchardt, T., McDaid, D., & Knapp, M. (2012). Development of a social inclusion index to capture subjective and objective life domains (phase II): Psychometric development study. Health Technology Assessment, 16(1), 1–248.
Irwin, A., & Scali, E. (2007). Action on the social determinants of health: A historical perspective. Global Public Health, 2(3), 235–256. https://doi.org/10.1080/17441690601106304
Israel, B. A. (1982). Social networks and health status: Linking theory, research, and practice. Patient Counselling and Health Education, 4(2), 65–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0190-2040(82)80002-5
Jason, L. A., Stevens, E., & Ram, D. (2015). Development of a three-factor psychological sense of community scale. Journal of Community Psychology, 43(8), 973–985. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.21726
Kawachi, I., Subramanian, S. V., & Kim, D. (2008). Social capital and health. In I. Kawachi, S. V. Subramanian, & D. Kim (Eds.), Social capital and health (pp. 1–26). New York: Springer New York.
Kitchen, P., Williams, A., & Chowhan, J. (2012). Sense of community belonging and health in Canada: A regional analysis. Social Indicators Research, 107(1), 103–126. Retrieved from www.jstor.org/stable/41427024
Koenig, H. G. (2012). Religion, spirituality, and health: The research and clinical implications. ISRN Psychiatry, 2012, 278730. https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/278730
Kohli, M., & Woodward, A. (2004). Inclusions and exclusions in European societies. : Routledge.
Kroll, C., Warchold, A., & Pradhan, P. (2019). Sustainable development goals (SDGs): Are we successful in turning trade-offs into synergies? Palgrave Communications, 5(1), 140. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-019-0335-5
Kumar, S., Kumar, N., & Vivekadhish, S. (2016). Millennium development goals (MDGs) to sustainable development goals (SDGs): Addressing unfinished agenda and strengthening sustainable development and partnership. Indian Journal of Community Medicine: Official Publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine, 41(1), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.4103/0970-0218.170955
Lakon, C. M., Godette, D. C., & Hipp, J. R. (2008). Network-based approaches for measuring social capital. In I. Kawachi, S. V. Subramanian, & D. Kim (Eds.), Social capital and health (pp. 63–81). New York: Springer New York.
Lee, R. M., & Robbins, S. B. (1995). Measuring belongingness: The social connectedness and the social assurance scales. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 42(2), 232.
Lee, R. M., Draper, M., & Lee, S. (2001). Social connectedness, dysfunctional interpersonal behaviors, and psychological distress: Testing a mediator model. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 48(3), 310.
Lelutiu-Weinberger, C., Pachankis, J. E., Golub, S. A., Walker, J. N. J., Bamonte, A. J., & Parsons, J. T. (2013). Age cohort differences in the effects of gay-related stigma, anxiety and identification with the gay community on sexual risk and substance use. AIDS and Behavior, 17(1), 340–349. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-011-0070-4
Levitas, R. (2006). The concept and measurement of social inclusion. In G. David, Pantazis C, & Levitas R (Ed.), Poverty and social exclusion in Britain (pp. 123–160). Bristol: The Policy Press.
Link, B. G., & Phelan, J. (1995). Social conditions as fundamental causes of disease. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 35, 80–94. https://doi.org/10.2307/2626958
Lomazzi, M., Borisch, B., & Laaser, U. (2014). The millennium development goals: Experiences, achievements and what’s next. Global Health Action, 7(1), 23695. https://doi.org/10.3402/gha.v7.23695
Looman, W. S. (2006). Development and testing of the social capital scale for families of children with special health care needs. Research in Nursing & Health, 29(4), 325–336. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.20148
Low, L. L., Kwan, Y. H., Ko, M. S. M., Yeam, C. T., Lee, V. S. Y., Tan, W. B., & Thumboo, J. (2019). Epidemiologic characteristics of multimorbidity and sociodemographic factors associated with multimorbidity in a rapidly aging Asian country. JAMA Network Open, 2(11), e1915245–e1915245. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.15245
Magson, N. R., Craven, R. G., & Bodkin-Andrews, G. H. (2014). Measuring social capital: The development of the social capital and cohesion scale and the associations between social capital and mental health. Australian Journal of Educational and Developmental Psychology, 14, 202–216.
Marino-Francis, F., & Worrall-Davies, A. (2010). Development and validation of a social inclusion questionnaire to evaluate the impact of attending a modernised mental health day service. Mental Health Review Journal, 15(1), 37–48. https://doi.org/10.5042/mhrj.2010.0201
Marmot, M., Friel, S., Bell, R., Houweling, T. A., Taylor, S., & Commission on Social Determinants of Health. (2008). Closing the gap in a generation: health equity through action on the social determinants of health. The lancet, 372(9650), 1661–1669.
Meyer, I. H. (2003). Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: Conceptual issues and research evidence. Psychological Bulletin, 129(5), 674–697. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.129.5.674
Mezey, G., White, S., Thachil, A., Berg, R., Kallumparam, S., Nasiruddin, O., … Killaspy, H. (2013). Development and preliminary validation of a measure of social inclusion for use in people with mental health problems: The SInQUE. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 59(5), 501–507.
Minkler, M., Blackwell, A. G., Thompson, M., & Tamir, H. (2003). Community-based participatory research: Implications for public health funding. American Journal of Public Health, 93(8), 1210–1213. https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.93.8.1210
Mohnen, S. M., Schneider, S., & Droomers, M. (2019). Neighborhood characteristics as determinants of healthcare utilization – A theoretical model. Health Economics Review, 9(1), 7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13561-019-0226-x
O’Brien, M. S., Burdsal, C. A., & Molgaard, C. A. (2004). Further development of an Australian-based measure of social capital in a US sample. Social Science & Medicine, 59(6), 1207–1217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.01.007
Onyx, J., & Bullen, P. (2000). Measuring social capital in five communities. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 36(1), 23–42. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021886300361002
Peterson, N. A., Speer, P. W., & McMillan, D. W. (2008). Validation of a brief sense of community scale: Confirmation of the principal theory of sense of community. Journal of Community Psychology, 36(1), 61–73. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.20217
Secker, J., Hacking, S., Kent, L., Shenton, J., & Spandler, H. (2009). Development of a measure of social inclusion for arts and mental health project participants. Journal of Mental Health, 18(1), 65–72.
Silver, H. (1994). Social exclusion and social solidarity: Three paradigms. International Labour Review, 133(5–6), 531. Retrieved from http://nus.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV3dS8MwEA86H_TFb3FOpYL41mmTbG18kU02lCmIm4i-lCRNx2B2uq7gn-9dm40y0BdfroUcpc0ld7nr3e8IYbR-5S7pBGpUw2dKNo0OTINFFLtNqtgznHMT57mZ7Tbtv7NOj5WL-q2451oyV93RRGPU_DJPfwzAgN98frnYRgp_t9qeGqtkDQyZwJ3qv74tVDOYp6KlAfhMvh_8qodz49LdKieB5FklXj3JCnjDdLgE2_ift90mm_b46bSK9bJDVkyyS9bn1cnpHvGLel3HfOtxhpE0RyaRU0TW4TIeRRLb3V07A1gExkHk8Gg0_Ej3yUu3M7i9c21zBddDlDRXq1gJoWNwd7SOwK0TEddwHBQm0KbJpYfIfoyKCOZMCl-BK4VtrrgRBo8gnB2QSjJJzCFxtJTUgKOoONVcKwrPDaTfhK8VVDPBquQcZzm0bTWBpBh4SIcyS9OwhYjwcEjhVXKWsyEqRYJpL8V47-m-zHNheeLJbCq1tEUE8CKIY1VmrM3FENpdmYYLGRz9OVojGwViMgZajkllNs3MCVkF0Z_mywlop_0M9JE-5LS47_8AeVXfjA
Silver, H. (2010). Understanding social inclusion and its meaning for Australia. Australian Journal of Social Issues, 45. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1839-4655.2010.tb00174.x
Solar, O., & Irwin, A. (2010). A conceptual framework for action on the social determinants of health. WHO Document Production Services.
Stevens, E. B., Jason, L. A., & Ferrari, J. R. (2011). Measurement performance of the sense of community index in substance abuse recovery communal housing. Australian Community Psychologist (Online), 23(2), 135–147. Retrieved from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25083166, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4114391/
Stewart, G., Sara, G., Harris, M., Waghorn, G., Hall, A., Sivarajasingam, S., … Mowry, B. (2010). A brief measure of vocational activity and community participation: Development and reliability of the activity and participation questionnaire. The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 44(3), 258–266. https://doi.org/10.3109/00048670903487175.
Stokes, J. P. (1983). Predicting satisfaction with social support from social network structure. American Journal of Community Psychology, 11(2), 141–152. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00894363
Stringhini, S., Carmeli, C., Jokela, M., Avendaño, M., Muennig, P., Guida, F., .… Zins, M. (2017). Socioeconomic status and the 25 × 25 risk factors as determinants of premature mortality: A multicohort study and meta-analysis of 1.7 million men and women. The Lancet, 389(10075), 1229–1237. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)32380-7.
Susser, M., & Susser, E. (1996a). Choosing a future for epidemiology: I. Eras and paradigms. American Journal of Public Health, 86(5), 668–673. https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.86.5.668
Susser, M., & Susser, E. (1996b). Choosing a future for epidemiology: II. From black box to Chinese boxes and eco-epidemiology. American Journal of Public Health, 86(5), 674–677. https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.86.5.674
Trenholm, P., Trent, J., & Compton, W. C. (1998). Negative religious conflict as a predictor of panic disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 54(1), 59–65. https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4679(199801)54:1<59::Aid-jclp7>3.0.Co;2-p
United Nations. (2020). About the sustainable development goals. Retrieved from https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. (2010). Analysing and measuring social inclusion in a global context. Retrieved from Geneva: https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/publications/measuring-social-inclusion.pdf
Van Der Gaag, M., & Webber, M. (2008). Measurement of individual social capital. In I. Kawachi, S. V. Subramanian, & D. Kim (Eds.), Social capital and health (pp. 29–49). New York: Springer New York.
Wellman, B., & Wortley, S. (1990). Different strokes from different folks: Community ties and social support. University of Chicago Press. https://doi.org/10.1086/229572. Retrieved.
Williams, D. (2017). On and off the ‘net: Scales for social capital in an online era. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 11(2), 593–628. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2006.00029.x
Wilson, C., & Secker, J. (2015). Validation of the social inclusion scale with students. Social Inclusion, 3(4), 52–62.
World Bank. (2020). Social inclusion. Retrieved from https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/social-inclusion
World Health Organization. (2020). The commission on social determinants of health – What, why and how? Retrieved from https://www.who.int/social_determinants/thecommission/finalreport/about_csdh/en/
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this entry
Cite this entry
Tan, R.K.J. (2022). Social Inclusion and Social Determinants of Health. In: Liamputtong, P. (eds) Handbook of Social Inclusion. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89594-5_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89594-5_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-89593-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-89594-5
eBook Packages: MedicineReference Module Medicine