Abstract
The Lower Chattahoochee River Valley has served as a frontier of Mississippian period expansion to the east and as an important intermediary between populations along the Gulf Coast and polities further to the interior. Between AD 1100 and 1200, numerous examples of Mississippian period practices appeared in the region, including wall trench construction and palisaded settlements, and monumental architecture was reintroduced as an important component of the built environment. Starting in AD 1300, the large-scale population aggregation at specific long-lived settlements drove the reconfiguration of those settlements through the rapid construction of monumental architecture and public spaces over the next 100 years. After AD 1400, these locations were largely abandoned, and the formerly centralized populations dispersed throughout the region. In this chapter, these diachronic local and regional settlement patterns are articulated with available climate data to better illuminate how the inhabitants of the lower Chattahoochee River valley organized, changed, and strengthened their society(ies) in the face of environmental unpredictability during the first millennium A.D.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Anderson, D. G. (1994). The Savannah River chiefdoms: Political change in the late prehistoric southeast. University of Alabama Press.
Anderson, D. G., Stahle, D. W., & Cleaveland, M. K. (1995). Paleoclimate and the potential food reserves of Mississippian societies: A case study from the Savannah River Valley. American Antiquity, 60(2), 258–286.
Beck, R. A. (2013). Chiefdoms, collapse, and coalescence in the early American south. Cambridge University Press.
Blitz, J. H. (1999). Mississippian chiefdoms and the fission-fusion process. American Antiquity, 64(4), 577–592.
Blitz, J. H., & Lorenz, K. G. (2002). The early Mississippian frontier in the lower Chattahoochee-Apalachicola River Valley. Southeastern Archaeology, 21(2), 117–135.
Blitz, J. H., & Lorenz, K. G. (2006). The Chattahoochee chiefdoms. University of Alabama Press.
Brannan, S. (2018). The settlement archaeology of Singer-Moye, a large 14th-century town in the Chattahoochee Valley. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, The University of Georgia.
Brannan, S., & Birch, J. (2017). Settlement ecology at Singer-Moye: Mississippian history and demography in the southeastern United States. In L. C. Kellett & E. J. Jones (Eds.), Settlement ecology of the ancient Americas (pp. 57–84). Routledge.
Bronk Ramsey, C. (2009). Bayesian analysis of radiocarbon dates. Radiocarbon, 51(1), 337–360.
Caldwell, J. R. (1955). Investigations at Rood’s landing, Stewart County, Georgia. Early Georgia, 2(1), 22–49.
Cook, E. R., Seager, R., Heim, R. R., Vose, R. S., Herweijer, C., & Woodhouse, C. A. (2010). Megadroughts in North America: Placing IPCC projections of hydroclimatic change in a long-term paleoclimate context. Journal of Quaternary Science, 25, 48–61.
Dalan, R. A. (1997). The construction of Mississippian Cahokia. In T. R. Pauketat & T. E. Emerson (Eds.), Cahokia: Domination and ideology in the Mississippian world (pp. 89–102). Lincoln.
DeJarnette, D. L. (Ed.). (1975). Archaeological salvage in the Walter F. George Basin of the Chattahoochee River in Alabama. University of Alabama Press.
Duffy, P. R. (2015). Site size hierarchy in middle-range societies. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, 37, 85–99.
Ethridge, R. F. (2003). Creek country: The creek Indians and their world. University of North Carolina Press.
Hurt, W. R. (1975). The preliminary archaeological survey of the Chattahoochee Valley area in Alabama. In D. L. DeJarnette (Ed.), Archaeological salvage in the Walter F. George Basin of the Chattahoochee River in Alabama (pp. 1–86). University of Alabama Press.
Huscher, H. A. (1959). Appraisal of the archaeological resources of the Walter F. George Reservoir Area, Chattahoochee River, Alabama and Georgia. River Basin Surveys, Smithsonian Institute.
Jenkins, N. J. (1978). Prehistoric chronology of the lower Chattahoochee Valley: A preliminary statement. Journal of Alabama archaeology, 24(2), 73–91.
Jenkins, N. J. (2009). Tracing the origins of the early creeks. In R. Ethridge & S. M. Shuck-Hall (Eds.), Mapping the Mississippian shatter zone: The colonial Indian slave trade and regional instability in the American south. University of Nebraska Press.
Kellar, J. H., Kelly, A. R., & McMichael, E. V. (1962). The Mandeville site in southwest Georgia. American Antiquity, 27(3), 336–355.
King, A. (2003). Etowah: The political history of a chiefdom capital. University of Alabama Press.
Knight, V. J. (1994). The formation of the creeks. In C. M. Hudson & C. C. Tesser (Eds.), The forgotten centuries: Indians and Europeans in the American south, 1521–1704 (pp. 373–392). University of Georgia Press.
Knight, V. J. (2010). Mound excavations at Moundville: Architecture, elites, and social order. University of Alabama Press.
Knight, V. J., & Mistovich, T. S. (1984). Walter F. George Lake: Archaeological survey of fee owned lands, Alabama and Georgia (Vol. 42). Office of Archaeological Research, University of Alabama.
Knight, V. J., & Steponaitis, V. P. (1998). Archaeology of the Moundville chiefdom. Smithsonian Institution Press.
Meeks, S. C., & Anderson, D. G. (2013). Drought, subsistence stress, and population dynamics: Assessing Mississippian abandonment of the vacant quarter. In J. D. Wingard & S. E. Hayes (Eds.), Soils, climate and society (pp. 61–84). University Press of Colorado.
Neuman, R. W. (1959). Two undecorated pottery vessels from the Purcell landing site, Henry County, Alabama. Florida Anthropologist, XII, 101–103.
Neuman, R. W. (1961). Domesticated corn from a Fort Walton Mound site in Houston County, Alabama. The Florida Anthropologist, 14(3–4), 75–80.
Palmer, W. C. (1965) Meteorological drought (Research Paper Number 45). US Department of Commerce, Weather Bureau.
Pauketat, T. R. (2007). Chiefdoms and other archaeological delusions. AltaMira Press.
Pauketat, T. R., & Alt, S. M. (2005). Agency in a postmold? Physicality and the archaeology of culture-making. Journal of Archaeological Method & Theory, 12(3), 213–236.
Pluckhahn, T. J. (2003). Kolomoki: Settlement, ceremony, and status in the deep south, A.D. 350 to 750. University of Alabama Press.
Regnier, A. L. (2014). Reconstructing Tascalusa’s chiefdom: Pottery styles and the social composition of late Mississippian communities along the Alabama River. The University of Alabama Press.
Reimer, P. J., Bard, E., Bayliss, A., Beck, J. W., Blackwell, P. G., Ramsey, C. B., Buck, C. E., Cheng, H., Edwards, R. L., Friedrich, M., Grootes, P. M., Guilderson, T. P., Haflidason, H., Hajdas, I., Christine, H., Heaton, T. J., Hoffmann, D. L., Hogg, A. G., Hughen, K. A., … van der Plicht, J. (2013). IntCal13 and Marine13 radiocarbon age calibration curves 0-50,000 years cal BP. Radiocarbon, 55(4), 1869–1887.
Schnell, F. T., & Jr., Wright, N. O. (1993). Mississippi period archaeology of the Georgia coastal plain. Laboratory of Archaeology Series 26, University of Georgia.
Schnell, F. T., Jr., Knight, V. J., & Schnell, G. S. (1981). Cemochechobee: Archaeology of a Mississippian ceremonial center on the Chattahoochee River. University Press of Florida.
Thompson, V. D., & Birch, J. (2018). The power of villages. In J. Birch & V. D. Thompson (Eds.), The archaeology of villages in eastern North America (Florida Museum of Natural History: Ripley P. Bullen series) (pp. 1–19). University of Florida Press.
West, S. E., Pluckhahn, T. J., & Menz, M. (2018). Size matters: Kolomoki (9ER1) and the power of the hypertrophic village. In J. Birch & V. D. Thompson (Eds.), The archaeology of villages in eastern North America (Florida Museum of Natural History: Ripley P. Bullen series) (pp. 54–72). University of Florida Press.
Worth, J. E. (2001). The lower creeks: Origins and early history. In B. G. McEwan (Ed.), Indians of the greater southeast: Historical archaeology and ethnohistory (pp. 265–298). University Press of Florida.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Brannan, S. (2022). Population Aggregation and Dispersal as a Driver for Settlement Change in the Lower Chattahoochee River Valley Between AD 1100 and 1500. In: Cook, R.A., Comstock, A.R. (eds) Following the Mississippian Spread. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89082-7_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89082-7_10
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-89081-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-89082-7
eBook Packages: HistoryHistory (R0)