Skip to main content

Population Aggregation and Dispersal as a Driver for Settlement Change in the Lower Chattahoochee River Valley Between AD 1100 and 1500

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Following the Mississippian Spread

Abstract

The Lower Chattahoochee River Valley has served as a frontier of Mississippian period expansion to the east and as an important intermediary between populations along the Gulf Coast and polities further to the interior. Between AD 1100 and 1200, numerous examples of Mississippian period practices appeared in the region, including wall trench construction and palisaded settlements, and monumental architecture was reintroduced as an important component of the built environment. Starting in AD 1300, the large-scale population aggregation at specific long-lived settlements drove the reconfiguration of those settlements through the rapid construction of monumental architecture and public spaces over the next 100 years. After AD 1400, these locations were largely abandoned, and the formerly centralized populations dispersed throughout the region. In this chapter, these diachronic local and regional settlement patterns are articulated with available climate data to better illuminate how the inhabitants of the lower Chattahoochee River valley organized, changed, and strengthened their society(ies) in the face of environmental unpredictability during the first millennium A.D.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 119.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Anderson, D. G. (1994). The Savannah River chiefdoms: Political change in the late prehistoric southeast. University of Alabama Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, D. G., Stahle, D. W., & Cleaveland, M. K. (1995). Paleoclimate and the potential food reserves of Mississippian societies: A case study from the Savannah River Valley. American Antiquity, 60(2), 258–286.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beck, R. A. (2013). Chiefdoms, collapse, and coalescence in the early American south. Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Blitz, J. H. (1999). Mississippian chiefdoms and the fission-fusion process. American Antiquity, 64(4), 577–592.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blitz, J. H., & Lorenz, K. G. (2002). The early Mississippian frontier in the lower Chattahoochee-Apalachicola River Valley. Southeastern Archaeology, 21(2), 117–135.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blitz, J. H., & Lorenz, K. G. (2006). The Chattahoochee chiefdoms. University of Alabama Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brannan, S. (2018). The settlement archaeology of Singer-Moye, a large 14th-century town in the Chattahoochee Valley. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, The University of Georgia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brannan, S., & Birch, J. (2017). Settlement ecology at Singer-Moye: Mississippian history and demography in the southeastern United States. In L. C. Kellett & E. J. Jones (Eds.), Settlement ecology of the ancient Americas (pp. 57–84). Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bronk Ramsey, C. (2009). Bayesian analysis of radiocarbon dates. Radiocarbon, 51(1), 337–360.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Caldwell, J. R. (1955). Investigations at Rood’s landing, Stewart County, Georgia. Early Georgia, 2(1), 22–49.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cook, E. R., Seager, R., Heim, R. R., Vose, R. S., Herweijer, C., & Woodhouse, C. A. (2010). Megadroughts in North America: Placing IPCC projections of hydroclimatic change in a long-term paleoclimate context. Journal of Quaternary Science, 25, 48–61.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dalan, R. A. (1997). The construction of Mississippian Cahokia. In T. R. Pauketat & T. E. Emerson (Eds.), Cahokia: Domination and ideology in the Mississippian world (pp. 89–102). Lincoln.

    Google Scholar 

  • DeJarnette, D. L. (Ed.). (1975). Archaeological salvage in the Walter F. George Basin of the Chattahoochee River in Alabama. University of Alabama Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Duffy, P. R. (2015). Site size hierarchy in middle-range societies. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, 37, 85–99.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ethridge, R. F. (2003). Creek country: The creek Indians and their world. University of North Carolina Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hurt, W. R. (1975). The preliminary archaeological survey of the Chattahoochee Valley area in Alabama. In D. L. DeJarnette (Ed.), Archaeological salvage in the Walter F. George Basin of the Chattahoochee River in Alabama (pp. 1–86). University of Alabama Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huscher, H. A. (1959). Appraisal of the archaeological resources of the Walter F. George Reservoir Area, Chattahoochee River, Alabama and Georgia. River Basin Surveys, Smithsonian Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jenkins, N. J. (1978). Prehistoric chronology of the lower Chattahoochee Valley: A preliminary statement. Journal of Alabama archaeology, 24(2), 73–91.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jenkins, N. J. (2009). Tracing the origins of the early creeks. In R. Ethridge & S. M. Shuck-Hall (Eds.), Mapping the Mississippian shatter zone: The colonial Indian slave trade and regional instability in the American south. University of Nebraska Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kellar, J. H., Kelly, A. R., & McMichael, E. V. (1962). The Mandeville site in southwest Georgia. American Antiquity, 27(3), 336–355.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • King, A. (2003). Etowah: The political history of a chiefdom capital. University of Alabama Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Knight, V. J. (1994). The formation of the creeks. In C. M. Hudson & C. C. Tesser (Eds.), The forgotten centuries: Indians and Europeans in the American south, 1521–1704 (pp. 373–392). University of Georgia Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Knight, V. J. (2010). Mound excavations at Moundville: Architecture, elites, and social order. University of Alabama Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Knight, V. J., & Mistovich, T. S. (1984). Walter F. George Lake: Archaeological survey of fee owned lands, Alabama and Georgia (Vol. 42). Office of Archaeological Research, University of Alabama.

    Google Scholar 

  • Knight, V. J., & Steponaitis, V. P. (1998). Archaeology of the Moundville chiefdom. Smithsonian Institution Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meeks, S. C., & Anderson, D. G. (2013). Drought, subsistence stress, and population dynamics: Assessing Mississippian abandonment of the vacant quarter. In J. D. Wingard & S. E. Hayes (Eds.), Soils, climate and society (pp. 61–84). University Press of Colorado.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neuman, R. W. (1959). Two undecorated pottery vessels from the Purcell landing site, Henry County, Alabama. Florida Anthropologist, XII, 101–103.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neuman, R. W. (1961). Domesticated corn from a Fort Walton Mound site in Houston County, Alabama. The Florida Anthropologist, 14(3–4), 75–80.

    Google Scholar 

  • Palmer, W. C. (1965) Meteorological drought (Research Paper Number 45). US Department of Commerce, Weather Bureau.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pauketat, T. R. (2007). Chiefdoms and other archaeological delusions. AltaMira Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pauketat, T. R., & Alt, S. M. (2005). Agency in a postmold? Physicality and the archaeology of culture-making. Journal of Archaeological Method & Theory, 12(3), 213–236.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pluckhahn, T. J. (2003). Kolomoki: Settlement, ceremony, and status in the deep south, A.D. 350 to 750. University of Alabama Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Regnier, A. L. (2014). Reconstructing Tascalusa’s chiefdom: Pottery styles and the social composition of late Mississippian communities along the Alabama River. The University of Alabama Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reimer, P. J., Bard, E., Bayliss, A., Beck, J. W., Blackwell, P. G., Ramsey, C. B., Buck, C. E., Cheng, H., Edwards, R. L., Friedrich, M., Grootes, P. M., Guilderson, T. P., Haflidason, H., Hajdas, I., Christine, H., Heaton, T. J., Hoffmann, D. L., Hogg, A. G., Hughen, K. A., … van der Plicht, J. (2013). IntCal13 and Marine13 radiocarbon age calibration curves 0-50,000 years cal BP. Radiocarbon, 55(4), 1869–1887.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schnell, F. T., & Jr., Wright, N. O. (1993). Mississippi period archaeology of the Georgia coastal plain. Laboratory of Archaeology Series 26, University of Georgia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schnell, F. T., Jr., Knight, V. J., & Schnell, G. S. (1981). Cemochechobee: Archaeology of a Mississippian ceremonial center on the Chattahoochee River. University Press of Florida.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, V. D., & Birch, J. (2018). The power of villages. In J. Birch & V. D. Thompson (Eds.), The archaeology of villages in eastern North America (Florida Museum of Natural History: Ripley P. Bullen series) (pp. 1–19). University of Florida Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • West, S. E., Pluckhahn, T. J., & Menz, M. (2018). Size matters: Kolomoki (9ER1) and the power of the hypertrophic village. In J. Birch & V. D. Thompson (Eds.), The archaeology of villages in eastern North America (Florida Museum of Natural History: Ripley P. Bullen series) (pp. 54–72). University of Florida Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Worth, J. E. (2001). The lower creeks: Origins and early history. In B. G. McEwan (Ed.), Indians of the greater southeast: Historical archaeology and ethnohistory (pp. 265–298). University Press of Florida.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Stefan Brannan .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Brannan, S. (2022). Population Aggregation and Dispersal as a Driver for Settlement Change in the Lower Chattahoochee River Valley Between AD 1100 and 1500. In: Cook, R.A., Comstock, A.R. (eds) Following the Mississippian Spread. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89082-7_10

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89082-7_10

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-89081-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-89082-7

  • eBook Packages: HistoryHistory (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics