Skip to main content

Electrical Signalling (3): Film

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Media and Communication in the Soviet Union (1917–1953)
  • 303 Accesses

Abstract

This chapter deals with the medial and communicative functions of Soviet cinema during the interwar period. More specifically, it explores how the concept of Soviet viewership articulated within the framework of public discourse influenced cinematic communication between the audience and the Soviet regime during the 1920s and 1930s. Giving a brief overview of the discussions on Soviet viewership during the 1920s, this chapter addresses the transformations of the film industry in general and the cinematic message in particular, brought about by the arrival of sound. The special emphasis is paid to the history of sound-recording technology and the ways new tools of expression expanded the ideological and political power of the audiovisual media. Finally, this chapter shows how the cinema of socialist realism appropriated the legacies of the avant-garde.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 119.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abul-Kasymova, Khanzhara, ed. 1969. Istoriia Sovetskogo kino. Tom 1, 1917–1931 [The History of Soviet Cinema. Vol. 1, 1917–1931]. Moscow: Iskusstvo.

    Google Scholar 

  • Belodubrovskaya, Maria. 2017. Not According to the Plan: Filmaking Under Stalin. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bohlinger, Vincent. 2013. The Development of Sound Technology in the Soviet Film Industry During the First Five-Year Plan. Studies in Russian and Soviet Cinema 7 (2): 189–205.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boltianskii, Grigorii, ed. 1925. Lenin i kino [Lenin and Cinema]. Moscow: Gosizdat.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bulgakova, Oksana. 2010. Sovetskii slukhoglaz: Kino i ego organy chuvstv [The Soviet Hearing Eye: Cinema and its Senses]. Moscow: NLO.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dekrety sovetskoi vlasti [Decrees of the Soviet Regime]. Vol. 6. 1973. Moscow: Politizdat.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eisenstein, Sergei, Vsevolod Pudovkin, and Grigorii Aleksandrov. 1988. Buduscchee zvukovoi fil’my: Zaiavka [The Future of the Sound Film: A Claim]. In The Film Factory: Russian and Soviet Cinema in Documents 1896–1939, ed. Richard Taylor and Ian Christie, 234–235. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Genette, Gérar. 1972. Figures III. Paris: Editions du Seuil.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaganovsky, Lilya. 2018. The Voice of Technology: Soviet Cinema’s Transition to Sound, 1928–1935. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kul’turnoie stroitel’stvo SSSR: Statisticheskii sbornik [The Cultural Construction of the USSR: Statistics]. 1940. Moscow: Gosplanizdat.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lebedev, Nikolai, ed. 1939. Partiia o kino [The Party on Cinema]. Moscow: Goskinoizdat.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lenin, Vladimir I. (1922) 1970. Direktivy po kinodelu. In Vladimir I. Lenin. Polnoe Sobranie sochinenii 44, 360–361. Moscow: Izdatel’stvo politicheskoi literatury.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leyda, Jay. 1960. Kino: A History of the Russian and Soviet Film. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maltby, Richard, Daniel Biltereyst, and Philippe Meers. 2011. Explorations in New Cinema History: Approaches and Case Studies. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Margolit, Evgenii. 2004. Sovetskoe kinoiskusstvo [The Art of Soviet Cinema]. Kinovedcheskie zapiski 66: 125–209.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2014. The Problem of Heteroglossia in Early Soviet Sound Cinema (1930–35). In Sound, Speech, Music in Soviet and Post-Soviet Cinema, ed. Lilya Kaganovsky and Masha Salazkina, 119–129. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mulvey, Laura. 1975. Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema. Screen 16 (3): 6–18.

    Google Scholar 

  • Piatrovskii, Adrian. 1968. Ob ‘ideologii’ i kommertsii’ [On Ideology and Commerce]. In Iz istorii Lenfil’ma 1, ed. Nina Gornitskaia, 241–243. Leningrad: Iskusstvo.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pozner, Valérie. 2006. Ot fil’ma k scansu: K voprosu ob ustnosti v sovetskom kino 1920–30-kh godov [From Movie to Screening: On the Question of Orality in the Soviet Cienma of the 1920s–1930s]. In Sovetskaia vlast’ i media, ed. Hans Günther and Sabine Hänsgen, 329–350. Saint Petersburg: Akademicheskii proekt.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2014. To Catch Up and Overtake Hollywood: Early Talking Pictures in the Soviet Union. In Sound, Speech, Music in Soviet and Post-Soviet Cinema, ed. Lilya Kaganovsky and Masha Salazkina, 60–81. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shcherbenok, Andrei. 2013. Psikhika bez psikhologii: ‘Zoia,’ ideologiia i stalinskoe kinoprostranstvo [Psyche Without Psychology: Zoia, Ideology and the Stalinist Film Space]. NLO 124 (6): 79–92.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stalin, Iosif V. (1924) 1947. Organizatsionnyi otchet Tsentral’nogo Komiteta XIII s”ezdu RKP(b) [Organizational Report of the 13th RKP(b) Congress]. In Sochineniia 6, ed. Iosif V. Stalin, 191–219. Moscow: OGIZ.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, Richard. 1988. Soviet Cinema as Popular Culture: Or the Extraordinary Adventures of Mr Nepman in the Land of the Silver Screen. Revolutionary Russia 1 (1): 36–56.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2005. Ideology as Mass Entertainment: Boris Shumyatsky and Soviet Cinema in the 1930s. In Inside the Film Factory: New Approaches to Russian & Soviet Cinema, ed. Richard Taylor and Ian Christie, 193–216. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Turovskaya, Maya. 1993. The 1930s and the 1940s: Cinema in Context. In Stalinism and Soviet Cinema, ed. Richard Taylor and Derek Spring, 34–53. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Youngblood, Denise. 1992. Movies for the Masses: Popular Cinema and Soviet Society in the 1920s. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

Filmography

  • Aleksandr Nevskii [Alexander Nevsky]. 1938. Directed by Sergei Eisenstein. USSR: Mosfilm.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bogataia nevesta [The Rich Bride]. 1937. Directed by Ivan Pyryev. USSR: Mosfilm.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bronenosets Potemkin [The Battleship Potemkin]. 1925. Directed by Sergei Eisenstein. USSR: Goskino.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chapaev [Chapaev]. 1934. Directed by Georgii Vasilyev and Sergei Vasilyev. USSR: Lenfilm.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chelovek s kinoapparatom [Man with a Movie Camera]. 1929. Directed by Dziga Vertov. USSR: VUFKU.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dela i liudi [Men and Jobs]. 1932. Directed by Aleksandr Macheret. USSR: Soyuzkino.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deputat Baltiki [Baltic Deputy]. 1937. Directed by Iosif Kheifits and Aleksandr Zarkhi. USSR: Lenfilm.

    Google Scholar 

  • Entuziazm: Simfoniia Donbassa [Enthusiasm: The Symphony of Donbass]. 1931. Directed by Dziga Vertov. USSR: VUFKU.

    Google Scholar 

  • Iunost’ Maksima [The Youth of Maxim]. 1935. Directed by Leonid Trauberg and Grigorii Kozintsev. USSR: Lenfilm.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kubanskie Kazaki [Cossacks of the Kuban]. 1950. Directed by Ivan Pyryev. USSR: Mosfilm.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lenin v 1918 godu [Lenin in 1918]. 1939. Directed by Mikhail Romm. USSR: Mosfilm.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lenin v Oktiabre [Lenin in October]. 1937. Directed by Mikhail Romm and Dmitrii Vasilev. USSR: Mosfilm.

    Google Scholar 

  • Luch smerti [The Death Ray]. 1925. Directed by Lev Kuleshov. USSR: Goskino.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mat’ [Mother]. 1926. Directed by Vsevolod Pudovkin. USSR: Mezhrabpomfilm.

    Google Scholar 

  • My iz Kronshtadta [We Are from Kronstadt]. 1936. Directed by Efim Dzigan. USSR: Mosfilm.

    Google Scholar 

  • Odna [Alone]. 1931. Directed by Leonid Trauberg and Grigorii Kozintsev. USSR: Soiuzkino.

    Google Scholar 

  • Plan velikikh rabot [A Plan for Great Works]. 1930. Directed by Abram Room. USSR: Soyuzkino.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stachka [Strike]. 1925. Directed by Sergei Eisenstein. USSR: Goskino.

    Google Scholar 

  • Staroe i novoe [Old and New]. 1929. Directed by Sergei Eisenstein. USSR: Goskino.

    Google Scholar 

  • Svetlyi put [The Shining Path]. 1940. Directed by Grigorii Aleksandrov. USSR: Mosfilm.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tsirk [Circus]. 1936. Directed by Grigorii Aleksandrov. USSR: Mosfilm.

    Google Scholar 

  • Velikiĭ grazhdanin [The Great Citizen]. 1938. Directed by Fridrikh Ermler. USSR: Lenfilm.

    Google Scholar 

  • Veselye rebiata [Jolly Fellows]. 1934. Directed by Grigorii Aleksandrov. USSR: Mosfilm.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vozvrashchenie Maksima [The Return of Maxim]. 1937. Directed by Leonid Trauberg and Grigorii Kozintsev. USSR: Lenfilm.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vstrechnyi [Counter-Plan]. 1932. Directed by Sergei Iutkevich and Fridrikh Ermler. USSR: Lenfilm.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kristina Tanis .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Tanis, K. (2022). Electrical Signalling (3): Film. In: Postoutenko, K., Tikhomirov, A., Zakharine, D. (eds) Media and Communication in the Soviet Union (1917–1953). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-88367-6_19

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-88367-6_19

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-88366-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-88367-6

  • eBook Packages: HistoryHistory (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics