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Serum Paraoxonase 1 as a Biomarker in Toxicology

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Biomarkers in Toxicology

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Abstract

Biomarkers are used in many areas of health to diagnose the presence of disease, monitor disease progression, track drug distribution in the body, or determine exposure to chemicals. The increase of free radicals damages biochemical macromolecules and increases the formation of new toxic compounds such as enhanced oxidation protein products. Organophosphate (OP) compound exposure, oxidative stress, and lipid peroxide have been associated with DNA damage, various types of cancer, aging, degenerative disease, and inflammatory diseases in humans. For this section, the evaluation of paraoxonase (PON1), a liver enzyme that can hydrolyze toxic OP compounds, is bound to HDL (High-density lipoprotein) in serum and draws attention with its strong antioxidant properties, as a biomarker is discussed. In this chapter, PON1 as a toxicological biomarker was reviewed in three cases: organophosphate exposure, lipid peroxidation, and liver toxicity. PON1 status against toxic damage; both serum PON1 level and PON1 polymorphisms were discussed together in the light of studies. Finding new reliable biomarkers is an area of research that has become increasingly important in recent years.

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Abbreviations

AChE:

Acetylcholinesterase

BuChE:

Butyrylcholinesterase

CB:

N-Methyl-carbamate

CHD :

Coronary heart disease

ChE:

Cholinesterase

CLD :

Chronic liver disease

DZO:

Diazoxon

HDL:

High-density lipoprotein

His-His :

Histidine-histidine

HTL :

Homocysteine thiolactone

Km :

Michaelis constant

LDL:

Low-density lipoprotein

LDLs:

Low-density lipoproteins

OP:

Organophosphate

PCR :

Polymerase chain reaction

PON1:

Paraoxonase 1

Vmax:

Maximum velocity

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suleyman Demirel University, Cunur/Isparta, Turkey

    Başak Gökçe

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  1. Başak Gökçe
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK

    Vinood B. Patel

  2. Sch Biomed & Health Sci, Wilkins Bldg, King's College London Franklin, London, UK

    Victor R. Preedy

  3. Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Med City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Rajkumar Rajendram

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Gökçe, B. (2022). Serum Paraoxonase 1 as a Biomarker in Toxicology. In: Patel, V.B., Preedy, V.R., Rajendram, R. (eds) Biomarkers in Toxicology. Biomarkers in Disease: Methods, Discoveries and Applications. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87225-0_3-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87225-0_3-1

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-87225-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-87225-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference Biomedicine and Life SciencesReference Module Biomedical and Life Sciences

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