Abstract
A good-quality weld should have enough penetration, desired microstructure, and bright welding profile without any spatter. Modern welding technology started just before the end of the nineteenth century with the development of methods for generating high temperatures in localized zones. In this study, we have used pulsed TIG (tungsten inert gas) welding. In this work, the weld quality comprises of BW (bead width), DOP (depth of penetration), and its microstructure, which influence the output parameter, i.e., mechanical properties like ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and % elongation. To obtain a good-quality weld, it is, therefore, essential to control the input welding parameters. Traditional one factor at a time method of analysis is time-consuming and does not take into consideration the interaction effects between the input parameters; hence, optimization method with a total of 30 experiments was conducted using CCD of response surface methodology (RSM) to determine the optimum combination of each output process. Experimental data were analyzed by RSM using Design-Expert statistical software version 18. The statistical and analytical steps used in RSM are ANOVA; the second-order polynomial regression equation is used to develop mathematical model and response surface plots of the interaction effects of the factors to evaluate optimum conditions for bead geometry and mechanical properties. The linear, quadratic, and linear interactive effects of the input process variables on the output response were calculated, and their respective significance evaluated by ANOVA test. The p-value was used as the basis for measuring the significance of the regression coefficients, and values of p less than 0.05 signified that the coefficient is significant, otherwise insignificant. The adequacy of the model was tested by the coefficient of determination (R2) value as compared to the adjusted R2 value. The optimal parameter was obtained for BW (170 A, 90 A, 125 Hz, 50%) and DOP (160 A, 80 A, 100 Hz, 45%). After optimization, microstructure characterization has been done on 316 austenite stainless steel weld specimen before and after PWHT (post-weld heat treatment) to see the change in microstructure and to determine the effect of PWHT on tensile strength and on percentage elongation.
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Ahmad, A. (2022). Microstructure Analysis and Multi-objective Optimization of Pulsed TIG Welding of 316/316L Austenite Stainless Steel. In: Hussain, C.M., Di Sia, P. (eds) Handbook of Smart Materials, Technologies, and Devices. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84205-5_127
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