Abstract
The history of Africa in modern times is incomplete without looking at some pertinent themes that shaped the current sociopolitical and economic relations within and outside the continent. The interwoven nature of mankind’s relationship politically, economically, socially, and culturally created interest and interest groups that interact to press for their demands and survival. Mankind is grouped into race and ethnic composition based on the wisdom of their creator to appreciate diversity and to embrace complexities for acculturation. Unfortunately, racism displays the darker side of mankind in his struggles toward shaping his environment. Racism is the exhibition of superiority, ethnic chauvinism, extremism, ethnocentrism, and egocentric feeling of one group or class over another. Racism can be based on color, economy, politics, class, nation, culture, religion, and other related terms. One of the branches of racism that is bedeviling community progress and global unity across the world is xenophobia. Xenophobia, sometimes by extended interpretation, is taken as a form of racism, xeno-racism, nativism, ethnocentrism, anti-immigrants fear, anti-Semitism, and recently explained as Afrophobia. The history of the world in modern times disclosed how xenophobia heralded societal organizations in various communities of the world especially in America, Asia, and Europe. Xenophobia takes the form of open hatred, verbal assault, physical attacks, discrimination, racial segregation, the enslavement of the perceived inferior, colonization, and deprivation of opportunities.
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Notes
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Attah, N.E., Sule, B. (2021). Xenophobic Attacks on Nigerians in South Africa: Counting the Human and Economic Costs. In: Abidde, S.O., Matambo, E.K. (eds) Xenophobia, Nativism and Pan-Africanism in 21st Century Africa. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82056-5_10
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