Abstract
This chapter posits that the Southern Africa Development Community (SADC) countries require a robust early warning capacity, preparedness, response and disaster risk management framework. There is a need for a holistic implementation of the African Common Defence and Security Policy to be in line with the African Union Agenda 2063 and the continental body’s Vision 2020, which aims at silencing the guns to ensure peace, stability and sustainable development in the region, in particular, and the continent as a whole. It is argued in this chapter that the Southern African Development Community (SADC) has been seen to be ill prepared to manage conflicts and crises effectively. Although SADC has managed to establish a peace and security infrastructure in line with the African Peace and Security Architecture African Peace and Security Architecture (APSA) including SADC Standby Force, its institutions lack both financial and political support, as its member states appear to be reluctant to cede authority to the regional body and to enforce its principles. Southern Africa has relatively remained peaceful since independence and the end of the Cold War. However, the region still faces challenges of isolated armed insurgency, food insecurity and multiple natural disasters and human security challenges. The natural disasters pose significant threats to forced migration and violent conflicts that need to be addressed.
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Notes
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M. J. Boti-Phiri (2018) Leadership, regionalisation of peace operations and conflict mediation: African Union and Southern African Development Community in perspective. PhD Thesis, Coventry University.
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L. Nathan, L. (2012) Community of Insecurity: SADC's Struggle for Peace and Security in Southern Africa: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. See also G. Olivier (2010) Regionalism in Africa: Cooperation without Integration? Strategic Review for Southern Africa 32 (2), 17.
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Speech by the representative of African Union Commission, Dr. Jolly Wasambo at the twenty-third meeting of Southern African Regional Climate Outlook Forum in Luanda, Angola, to develop consensus regional climate outlook for 2019–2020 rain season.
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SADC booklet on Climate Change Adaptation in SADC; Available at: https://www.sadc.int/files/2213/5293/3544/SADC_Climate_Change_Adaptation_for_the_Water_Sector_booklet.pdf.
- 14.
SADC provision available at: www.sadc.int (accessed 10 December 2019).
- 15.
SADC provision on Regional Vulnerability Analysis and Assessment Programme. Available at: www.sadc.int (accessed 10 December 2019).
- 16.
RVAC has established the following technical working groups: Nutrition; Information Management; Urban Assessments; Integrated Phase Classification (IPC) for food security; Centre of Excellence (of five Universities) and Capacity Building; Markets Assessments.
- 17.
SADC Stakeholders root for strengthening the mainstreaming climate change into vulnerability assessments and analysis; The meeting that took place from 01 to 05 July 2019. SADC Stakeholders root for strengthening the mainstreaming climate change into vulnerability assessments and analysis.
- 18.
Speech by the SADC Executive Secretary, Her Excellency Dr. Stergomena Lawrence Tax at the 21st SADC Ministerial Committee of the Organ on Politics Defence and Security Cooperation held in Lusaka, Zambia. The SADC Executive Secretary urged the SADC Members States and Partners to support the operationalization of the SADC Disaster Preparedness and Response Mechanism.
- 19.
“SADC and European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations discuss areas for cooperation” The SADC Executive Secretary emphasised the urgency of developing instruments and systems to support the operationalization of the SADC Regional Disaster Preparedness and Response Strategy.
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Speech by the SADC Senior Programme Officer for Meteorology, Dr. Prithiviraj Booneeady, at the twenty-third meeting of Southern African Regional Climate Outlook Forum in Luanda, Angola, to develop consensus regional climate outlook for 2019–2020 rain season.
- 21.
The Regional Vulnerability Assessment and Analysis (RVAA) Programme’s regional pre-assessment workshop (05–10 May 2019) Gaborone, Botswana. SADC Member States make strides to improve the quality and relevance of vulnerability assessments and analysis.
- 22.
SADC booklet on Climate Change Adaptation in SADC. Available at: https://www.sadc.int/files/2213/5293/3544/SADC_Climate_Change_Adaptation_for_the_Water_Sector_booklet.pdf.
- 23.
Meeting report from the twenty-third meeting of Southern African Regional Climate Outlook Forum (SARCOF-23) was held in Luanda, Republic of Angola, on the 28–30 August 2019.
- 24.
See SADC disaster risk management and vulnerability report 2017.
- 25.
As above.
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- 32.
The PSC Protocol Article 16 and Article IV (ii) of the MOU, outline the principles guiding the relationship between the AU and RECs, stating that; the implementation of the MOU shall be guided by the recognition of, and respect for, the primary responsibility of the Union in the maintenance and promotion of peace, security and stability in Africa, in accordance with Article 16 of the PSC protocol. Additionally, Article IV (iv) calls for the; adherence to the principles of subsidiarity, complementarity and comparative advantage, in order to optimise the partnership between the Union, the RECs and the Coordinating Mechanisms in the promotion and maintenance of peace, security and stability.
- 33.
Regional economic community (REC) is used interchangeably with Regional Mechanism (RM) and subregions.
- 34.
M. J. Boti-Phiri (2018) Leadership, Regionalisation of Peace Operations and Conflict Mediation: African Union and Southern African Development Community in Perspective. PhD Thesis, Coventry University.
- 35.
AU leadership is clearly defined in the PSC Protocol Article 16 and further reinforced in Article IV (ii) of the MOU, outlining the principles guiding the relationship between the AU and RECs, stating that; the implementation of the MOU shall be guided by the recognition of, and respect for, the primary responsibility of the Union in the maintenance and promotion of peace, security and stability in Africa, in accordance with Article 16 of the PSC protocol. Additionally, Article IV (iv) calls for the; adherence to the principles of subsidiarity, complementarity and comparative advantage, in order to optimise the partnership between the Union, the RECs and the Coordinating Mechanisms in the promotion and maintenance of peace, security and stability.
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Boti Phiri, M.J. (2022). Sustaining Peace and Security in Southern Africa. In: Kuwali, D. (eds) The Palgrave Handbook of Sustainable Peace and Security in Africa. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82020-6_9
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