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Biomarkers of Endothelial Dysfunction in Relation to Nutrition

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Biomarkers in Nutrition

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Abstract

Endothelial dysfunction is a term that covers diminished production and availability of nitric oxide as well as an imbalance in the relative contribution of endothelium-derived relaxing and contracting factors. It is a leading cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and it can be considered a marker of risk and a prognostic marker.

Several epidemiological studies have shown that adherence to a healthy diet pattern is associated with a reduction in the incidence of CVD and an improvement in plasma concentrations of biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction. This chapter reviews the evidence about endothelial biomarkers and their relationship to adherence to dietary patterns and specific nutrient intake.

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Abbreviations

A-II:

angiotensin II

ALA:

α-linolenic acid

ARA:

arachidonic acid

COX:

cyclooxygenases

CRP:

C-reactive protein

CVD:

cardiovascular disease

DHA:

docosahexaenoic acid

EDN1:

endothelin-1

eNOS:

endothelial nitric oxide synthase

EPA:

eicosapentaenoic acid

EV:

extracellular vesicles

FMD:

flow-mediated dilation

hs-CRP:

high-sensitivity C-reactive protein

ICAM-1:

intercellular adhesion molecule 1

IL:

interleukin

LA:

linoleic acid

LDL:

low-density lipoproteins

LOX:

lipoxygenases

LPS:

lipopolysaccharide

MCP-1:

monocyte chemoattractant protein-1

NF-κB:

nuclear factor-κB

NO:

nitric oxide

PUFAs:

polyunsaturated fatty acids

ROS:

reactive oxygen species

SELE:

selectin E

TBARS:

thiobarbituric acid reactive substances

TNF-α:

tumor necrosis factor α

VCAM-1:

vascular cell adhesion molecule 1

VEGF:

vascular endothelial growth factor

vWF:

von Willebrand factor

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA-CONICET) and Escuela de Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina

    María Daniela Defagó PhD, MSc, Nutr & Georgina Noel Marchiori PhD, Nutr

Authors
  1. María Daniela Defagó PhD, MSc, Nutr
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  2. Georgina Noel Marchiori PhD, Nutr
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to María Daniela Defagó PhD, MSc, Nutr .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Biomedical Science, University of Westminster, London, UK

    Vinood B. Patel

  2. Franklin-Wilkins Bldg, Rm 4.101, 4th Fl, Kings Coll London, Sch Biomed Health Sci, London, UK

    Victor R. Preedy

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Defagó, M.D., Marchiori, G.N. (2022). Biomarkers of Endothelial Dysfunction in Relation to Nutrition. In: Patel, V.B., Preedy, V.R. (eds) Biomarkers in Nutrition . Biomarkers in Disease: Methods, Discoveries and Applications. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81304-8_54-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81304-8_54-1

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  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-81304-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-81304-8

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