Skip to main content

Domestic Violence in the Caribbean: Are Our Solutions Effective?

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Gender and Domestic Violence in the Caribbean

Part of the book series: Gender, Development and Social Change ((GDSC))

Abstract

Domestic violence is referred to variously in the literature as intimate partner violence and/or family violence. It describes incidents and/or patterns of violence, threatening or controlling behaviour, in an intimate relationship, committed by one party against another (Kelly & Westmarland, 2016; Myhill & Johnson, 2015; Powell & Smith, 2011), which in turn, may constitute physical, sexual, economic, emotional and psychological abuse (Fahmy & Abd El Rahman, 2008). The Caribbean region has been described as patriarchal in nature and this has been noted as one of the antecedents of the acceptance of the perpetuation of domestic violence against women, as a societal norm (Hosein, 2018; Le Franc et al., 2008; Sutton & Alvarez in How safe are Caribbean homes for women and children? Attitudes toward intimate partner violence and corporal punishment. Inter-American Development Bank, Washington, DC, 2016). This chapter explores the effect of domestic violence on the victims and examines the available remedies, within the context of the English-speaking Caribbean, of eliminating and/or reducing the incidence of domestic violence.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ali, P. A., Dhingra, K., & McGarry, J. (2016). A literature review of intimate partner violence and its classifications. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 31, 16–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, K. L. (2002). Perpetrator or victim? Relationships between intimate partner violence and well‐being. Journal of Marriage and Family, 64(4), 851–863.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Antigua and Barbuda—Domestic Violence Act, 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  • Artz, L. (2011). Fear or failure: Why victims of domestic violence retract from the criminal justice process. South African Crime Quarterly, 37, 3–10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bahamas—Domestic Violence (Protection Orders), 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barbados—Domestic Violence (Protection Orders) (Amendment) Act, 2016.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barber, C. F. (2008). Domestic violence against men. Nursing Standard (Through 2013), 22(51), 35.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bernard, D. P. (2006). Confronting gender-based violence in the Caribbean. Centre for Gender and Development Studies, Mona Unit.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bott, S., Guedes, A., Goodwin, M. M., & Mendoza, J. A. (2012). Violence against women in Latin America and the Caribbean: A comparative analysis of population-based data from 12 countries. Pan American Health Organisation (PAHO), Washington, DC, USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Combatting domestic violence in Grenada: The LACC experience Published on November 12, 2018, Caribbean Development Bank. https://www.caribank.org/newsroom/news-and-events/combatting-domestic-violence-grenada-lacc-experience.

  • Dominica—Protection against Domestic Violence Act, 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dowling, C., Morgan, A., Hulme, S., Manning, M., & Wong, G. (2018). Protection orders for domestic violence: A systematic review. Trends and Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice (551), 1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Drijber, B. C., Reijnders, U. J., & Ceelen, M. (2013). Male victims of domestic violence. Journal of Family Violence, 28(2), 173–178.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Durfee, A. (2009). Victim narratives, legal representation, and domestic violence civil protection orders. Feminist Criminology, 4(1), 7–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC). (2001). An evaluative study of the implementation of domestic violence legislation: Antigua and Barbuda, St Kitts/Nevis, Saint Lucia and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. Caribbean Development and Cooperation Committee; 23 November 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fahmy, H. H., & Abd El-Rahman, S. I. (2008). Determinants and health consequences of domestic violence among women in reproductive age at Zagazig district, Egypt. Journal of Egypt Public Health Association, 83(1-2), 87-–06.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fugate, M., Landis, L., Riordan, K., Naureckas, S., & Engel, B. (2005). Barriers to domestic violence help seeking: Implications for intervention. Violence Against Women, 11(3), 290–310.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gover, A. R., Pudrzynska Paul, D., & Dodge, M. (2011). Law enforcement officers’ attitudes about domestic violence. Violence Against Women, 17(5), 619–636.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grenada—Domestic Violence Act, 2010.

    Google Scholar 

  • Guyana—Domestic Violence Act, 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heise, L., Ellsberg, M., & Gottmoeller, M. (2002). A global overview of gender-based violence. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 78, S5–S14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hines, D. A., & Douglas, E. M. (2009). Women’s use of intimate partner violence against men: Prevalence, implications, and consequences. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 18(6), 572–586.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hogan, K. F., Hegarty, J. R., Ward, T., & Dodd, L. J. (2012). Counsellors’ experiences of working with male victims of female-perpetrated domestic abuse. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 12(1), 44–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hosein, G. J. (2019). Masculinism, male marginalisation and intimate partner backlash in trinidad and tobago. Caribbean Journal of Criminology, 1(4), 90–122.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jamaica—Domestic Violence Act, 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jewkes, R. (2002). Intimate partner violence: Causes and prevention. The Lancet, 359(9315), 1423–1429.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kelly, L.‚ & Westmarland, N. (2015). Domestic Violence Perpetrator Programmes: Steps Towards Change. Project Mirabal Final Report. London and Durham: London Metropolitan University and Durham University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kohler, R. L. (1992). The battered woman and tort law: A new approach to fighting domestic violence. Loyola of Los Angeles Law Review, 25(3), 1025–1072.

    Google Scholar 

  • Le Franc, E., Samms-Vaughan, M., Hambleton, I., Fox, K., & Brown, D. (2008). Interpersonal violence in three Caribbean countries: Barbados, Jamaica, and Trinidad and Tobago. Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública, 24, 409–421.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lucea, M. B., Stockman, J. K., Mana-Ay, M., Bertrand, D., Callwood, G. B., Coverston, C. R., Campbell, D. W., & Campbell, J. C. (2013). Factors influencing resource use by African American and African Caribbean women disclosing intimate partner violence. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 28(8), 1617–1641.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCormick, T. (1999). Convicting domestic violence abusers when the victim remains silent [a]. BYU Journal of Public Law, 13(2), 427–449.

    Google Scholar 

  • McMahon, M., & McGorrery, P. (2016). Criminalising controlling and coercive behaviour: The next step in the prosecution of family violence? Alternative Law Journal, 41(2), 98–101.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, E., & McCaw, B. (2019). Intimate partner violence. New England Journal of Medicine, 380(9), 850–857.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Myhill, A., & Johnson, K. (2016). Police use of discretion in response to domestic violence. Criminology & Criminal Justice, 16(1), 3–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pemberton, C., & Joseph, J. (2018). National women’s health survey for Trinidad and Tobago. Inter-American Development Bank, Washington, DC, USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Powell, P., & Smith, M. (2011). Domestic violence: An overview. Nevada: University of Nevada Cooperative Extension, Reno, FS-11–76.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roberts, J. C., Wolfer, L., & Mele, M. (2008). Why victims of intimate partner violence withdraw protection orders. Journal of Family Violence, 23(5), 369–375.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Russo, N., & Pirlott, A. (2006). Gender-based violence: Concepts, methods, and findings. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1087(1), 178–205.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sack, E. J. (2004). Battered women and the state: The struggle for the future of domestic violence policy. Wisconsin Law Review, 1657.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sherman, L. W., Smith, D. A., Schmidt, J. D., & Rogan, D. P. (1992). Crime punishment, and stake in conformity: Legal and informal control of domestic violence. American Sociological Review, 57(5), 680–690.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Spooner, M. (2009). Does eligibility for protection orders prevent repeat abuse of domestic abuse victims in Caribbean states? Journal of Family Violence, 24(6), 377–387.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • St. Kitts and Nevis—Domestic Violence Act, 2009.

    Google Scholar 

  • St. Lucia—Domestic Violence (Summary Proceedings) Act, 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  • St. Vincent and the Grenadines—Domestic Violence Act, 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sullivan, C. M., Basta, J., Tan, C., & Davidson II, W. S. (1992). After the crisis: A needs assessment of women leaving a domestic violence shelter. Violence and Victims, 7(3), 267–275.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sutton, H., & Álvarez, L. (2016). How safe are Caribbean homes for women and children? Attitudes toward intimate partner violence and corporal punishment. Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank. https://doi.org/10.18235/0000546.

  • Trinidad and Tobago—Domestic Violence Act, 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tsui, V., Cheung, M., & Leung, P. (2010). Help‐seeking among male victims of partner abuse: Men’s hard times. Journal of Community Psychology, 38(6), 769–780.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wallace, W. C., Gibson, C., Gordon, N., Lakhan, R., Mahabir, J., & Seetahal, C. (2019). Domestic violence: Intimate partner violence victimization non-reporting to the police in Trinidad and Tobago. Justice Policy Journal, 16(1), 1–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Welch, D. M. (1993). Mandatory arrest of domestic abusers: Panacea or perpetuation of the problem of abuse. DePaul Law Review, 43(4), 1133–1164.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wendt, S., Natalier, K., Seymour, K., King, D., & Macaitis, K. (2020). Strengthening the domestic and family violence workforce: Key questions. Australian Social Work, 73(2), 236–244.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization. (2012). Understanding and addressing violence against women: Intimate partner violence (No. WHO/RHR/12.36). World Health Organization.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jacqueline H. Stephenson .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Stephenson, J.H. (2021). Domestic Violence in the Caribbean: Are Our Solutions Effective?. In: Bissessar, A.M., Huggins, C. (eds) Gender and Domestic Violence in the Caribbean. Gender, Development and Social Change. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73472-5_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73472-5_2

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-73471-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-73472-5

  • eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics