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A Quest for Justice: Recognition and Migrant Interactions with Child Welfare Services in Norway

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Migration, Recognition and Critical Theory

Part of the book series: Studies in Global Justice ((JUST,volume 21))

Abstract

Norwegian Child Welfare Services (NCWS) has faced intense criticism regarding their interactions with migrant families, with international human rights monitoring mechanisms expressing concern regarding ethnic discrimination over the past decade. Our aim is to contribute to the academic discussion around migrant interactions with NCWS through exploring the suitability and relevance of Nancy Fraser’s theory of social justice, with a particular focus on recognition. We utilize the narratives of two migrant parents and two child welfare practitioners supplemented by critiques from international human rights monitoring mechanisms to bridge the gap between the theoretical level, institutions, and daily practices. Three areas regarding the suitability of recognition in the case of NCWS are discussed: misrecognition as institutionalized subordination; equality, sameness, and difference in the Nordic welfare state; and the dynamic nature of culture. While we find recognition to be an essential element to be considered in the case of NCWS, we emphasize recognition must also be considered within Fraser’s larger understanding of social justice, alongside redistribution and representation.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Migrants from Latin America, Africa, Asia, and Turkey and Eastern European countries that are outside of the EU as well as refugees are overrepresented in voluntary assistance measures (Berg et al. 2017: 44).

  2. 2.

    Some groups that are underrepresented in voluntary assistance measures include migrants from Poland, Russia, and India (Berg et al. 2017: 44).

  3. 3.

    These narratives were collected by Kvalvaag in 2017 and 2018 as part of a larger project.

  4. 4.

    Pseudonyms.

  5. 5.

    See Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review: Norway (Report No. A/HRC/42/3); Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review: Norway (Report No. A/HRC/27/3); and Report of the Working Group on the Universal Period Review: Norway. Addendum (Report No. A/HRC/27/3/Add.1).

  6. 6.

    See Concluding Observations on the Combined Fifth and Sixth Periodic Reports of Norway (Report No. CRC/C/NOR/CO/5-6); Consideration of Reports Submitted by States Parties Under Article 44 of the Convention (Report No. CRC/C/NOR/CO/4); and Consideration of Reports Submitted by States Parties Under Article 44 of the Convention (Report No. CRC/C/NOR/5-6).

  7. 7.

    See Combined Twenty-Third and Twenty-Fourth Periodic Reports Submitted by Norway Under Article 9 of the Convention, Due in 2017 (Report No. CERD/C/NOR/23-24) and Consideration of Reports Submitted by States Parties under Article 9 of the Convention (Report No. CERD/C/NOR/CO/19-20).

  8. 8.

    See Concluding Observations on the Fifth Periodic Report of Norway (Report No. E/C.12/NOR/CO/5).

  9. 9.

    See Consideration of Reports Submitted by States Parties Under Article 40 of the Covenant (Report No. CCPR/C/NOR/CO/6) and Concluding Observations on the Seventh Periodic Report of Norway (Report No. CCPR/C/NOR/CO/7).

  10. 10.

    Five of the ten County Social Welfare Boards began to offer this dialogue process 4 years ago (Andersen 2020).

  11. 11.

    If children are to be placed outside of the home against the wishes of the parent(s), a proposal must be brought before the County Social Welfare Board (Christiansen and Anderssen 2010).

  12. 12.

    For more on participation of the child in child welfare services, see Archard and Skivenes (2009a); Archard and Skivenes (2009b); Havnen et al. (2020); Kosher and Ben-Arieh (2020); Skivenes and Strandbu (2004, 2006); Steinrem et al. (2018); Strandbu and Vis (2008); van Bijleveld et al. (2015); Vis (2014); Vis et al. (2012); Vis and Thomas (2009).

  13. 13.

    This definition of participation is established in §3 of the 2014 Regulations on Participation and Child’s Advocate (Norwegian: Forskrift om medvirkning og tillitsperson).

  14. 14.

    See the Human Rights Act (Lov om styrking av. menneskerettighetenes stilling i norsk rett (Menneskerettsloven)), §2(4) and §3.

  15. 15.

    See the Norwegian Nationality Act (Lov om norsk statsborgerskap (statsborgerloven)), Chapter 3 §7(e).

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Acknowledgments

We would like to extend our deepest gratitude to the editor, the research group Human Rights and Diversities at the University of South-Eastern Norway, and fellow participants at the Workshop on Recognition, Migration, and Critical Theory at the Centre for Ethics and Poverty Research (CEPR), University of Salzburg, for their thoughtful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. The development of this chapter was enhanced through their critical engagement.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Nord University, Bodø, Norway

    Alyssa Marie Kvalvaag

  2. University of South-Eastern Norway, Drammen, Norway

    Gabriela Mezzanotti

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  1. Alyssa Marie Kvalvaag
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Correspondence to Alyssa Marie Kvalvaag .

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  1. Centre for Ethics and Poverty Research (CEPR), University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria

    Gottfried Schweiger

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Kvalvaag, A.M., Mezzanotti, G. (2021). A Quest for Justice: Recognition and Migrant Interactions with Child Welfare Services in Norway. In: Schweiger, G. (eds) Migration, Recognition and Critical Theory. Studies in Global Justice, vol 21. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72732-1_11

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