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Links Between Paraquat and Parkinson’s Disease

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Handbook of Neurotoxicity

Abstract

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the most common degenerative disorder of the aging brain. Several gene mutations have been identified to be involved in familial PD. However, the majority of cases are sporadic and their origin(s) still remain undetermined. The environment is a key contributor to human health and disease. Epidemiological evidence suggests that environmental factors and/or mutations in genes play a role in the etiology of neurodegenerative diseases. Particularly, paraquat (PQ) has been demonstrated to induce neuronal death in cellular and animal models associated with PD. PQ-induced neurotoxicity has provided valuable insight into the mechanisms regulating neuronal cell death by environmental toxicants. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in neuronal cell death by PQ have not been completely identified. Importantly, in vivo studies allow the understanding of how PQ could be associated with PD. This review presents a brief summary of some of the published toxicologic data and critically evaluates whether a relationship exists between PQ exposure and PD.

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Abbreviations

ASK1:

Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1

ER:

Endoplasmic reticulum

HDAC:

Histone deacetylase

JNK:

c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase

LB:

Lewy bodies

LRRK2:

Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2

MAPKs:

Mitogen-activated protein kinases

MPP+ 1:

Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium

MPTP:

1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine

NF-κB:

Nuclear factor-kappa B

Nrf2:

Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2

6-OHDA:

6-Hydroxydopamine

PD:

Parkinson’s disease

PINK1 :

PTEN-induced putative kinase 1

PQ:

Paraquat

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SIRT1:

Silent mating-type information regulation 2 homolog 1

SNpc:

Substantia nigra pars compacta

WAVE2:

Verprolin-homologous protein 2

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Acknowledgments

S.M.S.Y.-D. was supported by the Isabel Gemio Foundation. G.M-C. was supported by the ONCE Foundation. M.N.-S. was funded by the “Ramon y Cajal” Program (RYC-2016-20883), Spain. J.M B-S.P was funded by “Ramon y Cajal” Program (RYC-2018-025099-I). J.M.F. received research support from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, CIBERNED (CB06/05/004), and Consejería de Economía, Ciencia y Agenda Digital (IB18048 and GR18063). This work was also partially supported by “Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional” (FEDER) from the European Union. The authors thank FUNDESALUD for helpful assistance.

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Author notes

  1. Guadalupe Martínez-Chacón and Sokhna M. S. Yakhine-Diop contributed equally with all other contributors.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Depto. Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Enfermería y Terapia Ocupacional, Universidad de Extremadura Avda de la Universidad s/n, Cáceres, Spain

    Guadalupe Martínez-Chacón, Sokhna M. S. Yakhine-Diop, Rosa A. González-Polo, Elisa Pizarro-Estrella, Mireia Niso-Santano & José M. Fuentes

  2. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain

    Guadalupe Martínez-Chacón, Sokhna M. S. Yakhine-Diop, Rosa A. González-Polo, José M. Bravo-San Pedro, Mireia Niso-Santano & José M. Fuentes

  3. Instituto Universitario de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), Cáceres, Spain

    Guadalupe Martínez-Chacón, Sokhna M. S. Yakhine-Diop, Rosa A. González-Polo, Mireia Niso-Santano & José M. Fuentes

  4. Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain

    José M. Bravo-San Pedro

Authors
  1. Guadalupe Martínez-Chacón
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  2. Sokhna M. S. Yakhine-Diop
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  3. Rosa A. González-Polo
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  4. José M. Bravo-San Pedro
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  5. Elisa Pizarro-Estrella
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  6. Mireia Niso-Santano
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  7. José M. Fuentes
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Correspondence to José M. Fuentes .

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  1. Department of Biomedical Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA

    Richard M. Kostrzewa

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Martínez-Chacón, G. et al. (2021). Links Between Paraquat and Parkinson’s Disease. In: Kostrzewa, R.M. (eds) Handbook of Neurotoxicity. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71519-9_4-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71519-9_4-1

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