Skip to main content

Mechanisms of Dependence: Conceptualizing the Latin American Dependency Research Program for the Analysis of European Capitalism

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Dependent Capitalisms in Contemporary Latin America and Europe

Abstract

The chapter provides an overview of the way in which the dependency research program was adopted and adapted in the European academia. In the 1970s and 1980s, dependency theories inspired the analysis of uneven development and developmental strategies with a central focus in Southern Europe. The crisis of 2008 onwards has contributed to a rediscovery of the dependency approach with a new focus on Central and Eastern Europe. Thereby, the European Dependency School (EDS) further developed and adapted the dependency approach by linking it to other theoretical traditions such as regulation theory in order to explain the crises that hit the European peripheries particularly hard. More recently, academics in Europe have started using the dependency approach to better understand the conditions of policymaking within the European Union (EU) and to discuss possible strategies to overcome dependency and promote development. The chapter offers a detailed presentation of two mechanisms of dependency—dependent industrialization and dependent financialization—and their evolution in the EU.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Aglietta, M. (2008). La crise. Comment est-on arrivé là? Comment en sortir? Michalon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Altvater, E. (1983). Bruch und Formwandel eines Entwicklungsmodells. Die gegenwärtige Krise ist ein Prozess gesellschaftlicher Transformation. In J. Hoffmann (Ed.), Überproduktion, Unterkonsumtion, Depression. Analysen und Kontroversen zur Krisentheorie (pp. 217–252). VSA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arrighi, G. (1985). Fascism to democratic socialism: Logic and limits of a transition. In G. Arrighi (Ed.), Semiperipheral development: The politics of Southern Europe in the twentieth century (pp. 243–279). Sage (=Explorations in the World-Economy 5).

    Google Scholar 

  • Arrighi, G. (1994). The long twentieth century: Money, Power, and the origins of our times. Verso.

    Google Scholar 

  • Becker, J. (1998). Der kurze Traum immerwährender Demokratie. Kurswechsel, No., 1, 11–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Becker, J. (2008). Der Drang nach Osten: Wirtschaftliche Interessen und geopolitische Strategien. Kurswechsel, No, 1, 5–29.

    Google Scholar 

  • Becker, J. (2014). Finanzialisierung und globale Peripherie. In M. Heires & A. Nölke (Eds.), Politische Ökonomie der Finanzialisierung (pp. 181–196). Springer VS.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Becker, J. (2019a). Dependency, (non-)development and possible alternatives: the Visegrád countries and the post-Yugoslav space. In V. Delteil & X. Richet (Eds.), L’Europe, une fracture à retardement (pp. 189–212). L’Harmattan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Becker, J. (2019b). Développement inégal et mobilisation inégale au sein de l’Union européenne. In B. Bürbauer, A. Cukier, & M. Rosato (Eds.), Europe, alternatives économiques. Analyses et propostions de gauche (pp. 93–116). La Dispute.

    Google Scholar 

  • Becker, J. (2020). Selektiver Wirtschaftsnationalismus und Klassenprojekte: Fidesz und PiS im Vergleich. In C. Book, N. Huke, N.Tiedemann, & O. Tietje (Eds.), Autoritärer Populismus (pp. 150–164). Westfälisches Dampfboot.

    Google Scholar 

  • Becker, J., & Ćetković, P. (2015). Patterns of financialisation in Southeast European and Visegrád countries. In D. Radošević & V. Cvijanović (Eds.), Financialisation and financial crisis in South-Eastern European countries (pp. 71–90). Peter Lang.

    Google Scholar 

  • Becker, J., Ćetković, P., & Weissenbacher, R. (2016). Financialisation, dependent export industrialization, and deindustrialisation in Eastern Europe. In G. Cozzi, S. Newman, & J. Toporowski (Eds.), Finance and industrial policy: Beyond financial regulation in Europe (pp. 41–64). Oxford University Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Becker, J., Jäger, J., Leubolt, B., & Weissenbacher, R. (2010). Peripheral financialization and vulnerability to crisis: A regulationist perspective. Competition and Change, 14(3–4), 225–247.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Becker, J., Jäger, J., & Weissenbacher, R. (2015). Uneven and dependent development in Europe: The crisis and its implications. In J. Jäger & E. Springler (Eds.), Crisis in Europe and possible futures. Critical political economy and post-Keynesian perspectives (pp. 81–113). Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bohle, D. (2014). Post-socialist housing meets transnational finance: Foreign banks, mortgage lending, and the privatization of welfare in Hungary and Estonia. Review of International Political Economy, 21(4), 913–948.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bruno, M. (2008). Régulation et croissance au Brésil après la libéralisation. In: Revue de la régulation, No. ¾. https://regulation.revues.org/index4103.html. Accessed 22 Dec 2008.

  • Cardoso, F. H., & Faletto, E. (1979). Dependency and development in Latin America. University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carroué, L. (2015). La planète financière. Capital, pouvoirs, espace et territoires. Armand Colin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Delteil, V. (2018). “Capitalismes dépendants” d’Europe centrale et orientale: pièges de la dépendance externe et instrumentalisations domestiques. In: Revue de la régulation, Nr. 24. https://journals.openedition.org/regulation/13486. Accessed 22 Oct 2019.

  • Dos Santos, P. (2009). On the content of banking in contemporary capitalism. Historical Materialism, 17(2), 180–213.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Drahokoupil, J. (2009). Globalization and the state in Central and Eastern Europe. The politics of foreign direct investment. Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Epstein, R. (2014). Assets of liabilities? The politics of bank ownership. Review of International Political Economy, 21(4), 765–789.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fiori, J. L. (1999). Estados, moedas e desenvolvimento. In J. L. Fiori (Ed.), Estados e moedas no desenvolvimento das nações (pp. 49–85). Vozes.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frangakis, M. (2009). Europe’s financial systems under pressure. In J. Grahl (Ed.), Global finance and social Europe (pp. 53–90). Edward Elgar.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gerőcs, T., & Jelinek, Cs. (2019). A Nemzeti Együttműködés Rendszere az Europai Unióban. Magayarország EU-integraciójáról – történi szociológiai meközelítésben. Eszmélet, Nr., 118, 12–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gerőcs, T., & Pinkasz, A. (2018). Debt-ridden development on Europe’s Eastern periphery. In M. Boatcă, A. Komlosy, & H.-H. Nolte (Eds.), Global inequalities in world-systems perspective. Theoretical debates and methological innovations (pp. 131–153). Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hadjimichalis, C. (2020). Crisis spaces. Structures, struggles and solidarity in Southern Europe. Routledge

    Google Scholar 

  • Harvey, D. (1984). Limits to capital. Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Horvat, S., & Štiks, I. (2012). Dobrodošli u pustinju tranzicije! Postsocializam, Evropska unija, nova levica na Balkanu. In M. Jadžić, D. Maljković, & A. Veselinović (Eds.), Kriza, odgovori, levica. Priloza za jedan kritički diskurs (pp. 159–176). RLS.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hugrée, C., Penissat, É., & Spire, A. (2017). Les classes sociales en Europe. Tableau des nouveaux inégalités sur le vieux continent. Agone.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jäger, J. (2020). From Marx to critical international political economy. In E. Vivares (Ed.), The Routledge handbook to global political economy (pp. 247–261). Routledge.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Ješe Perković, A. (2016). Zahodni Balkan na poti v EU. Pasti tranzicije, demokratizacije in evropeizacije. Univerza v Ljbuljani – Filozofska Fakulta

    Google Scholar 

  • Lapavitsas, C. et al. (2012). Crisis in the Eurozone. Verso

    Google Scholar 

  • Lopez, I., & Rodríguez, E. (2010). Fin de ciclo. Financiarización, territorio y sociedad de propietarios en la onda larga del capitalismo hispano (1959–2010). Traficantes de Sueños

    Google Scholar 

  • Marx, K. (1979). Das Kapital. Kritik der politischen Ökonomie. Band 3. MEW 25. Dietz

    Google Scholar 

  • McNally, . (2009). From financial crisis to world slump: Accumulation, financialisation and the global slowdown. Historical Materialism, 17(2), 35–83.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Merő, K., & Piroska, D. (2016). Banking union and banking nationalism—Explaining the opt-out choices of Hungary, Poland and the Czech Republic. Policy and Society, 35(3), 215–226.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Müller, J.-W. (2012). Beyond militant democracy? In New Left Review, No. 73, 39–47.

    Google Scholar 

  • Myant, M. (2018). The limits to dependent growth in East-Central Europe. In: Revue de la régulation, No. 24. https://journal.openedition.org/regulation/13351. Accessed 21 Jan 2019.

  • Myant, M., & Drahokoupil, J. (2011). Transition economies: Political economy in Russia, Eastern Europe, and Central Asia. Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nölke, A., & Vliegenhart, A. (2009). Enlarging the varieties of capitalism: The emergence of dependent market economies in East Central Europe. World Politics, 61(4), 670–702.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pavlínek, P. (2017). Dependent growth: Foreign investment and the development of the automotive industry in East-Central Europe. Springer.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Plihon, D., Couppey-Soubeyran, J., & Saïdane, Dh. (2006). Les banques. Acteurs de la globalisation financière. La documentation française

    Google Scholar 

  • Poulantzas, N. (1976). The crisis of dictatorships. Portugal, Greece, Spain. NLB.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rodrigues, J., & Santos, A. C. N. (2016). A financeirização do capitalismo no Portugal. Actual.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rodríguez López, E. (2015). Por qué fracasó la democracia en España. La Tansición y el regimen de ’78. Madrid

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosa, E. (2013). Os grupos económicos e o desenvolvimento em Portugal no contexto da globalização. Página a página.

    Google Scholar 

  • Salama, P. (1989). La dollarisation. Essai sur la monnaie, l’industrialisation et l’endettement du tiers monde. La Découverte

    Google Scholar 

  • Scheiring, G. (2019). Egy demokrácia halála. Az autoriter kapitalizmus és a felhalmozó állam felemelkedése Magayarországon. Napvilág.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seers, D. (1979). The periphery of Europe. In D. Seers, B. Schaffer, & M.-L. Kiljunen (Eds.), Underdeveloped Europe: Studies in core-periphery relations (pp. 3–34). Harvester Press (=Harvester Studies in Development 1).

    Google Scholar 

  • Šitera, D. (2020). Trilema demokratického kapitalismu na východní semiperiferii Evropy. In P. Barša & M. Dokupil Škabraha (Eds.), Za hranice kapitalismu (pp. 69–92). Rybka.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stockhammer, E., Durand, C., & List, L. (2016). European growth models and working class restructuring: An international post-Keynesian Political Economy perspective. Enviroment and Planning A, 48(9), 1804–1828.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sunkel, O. (1973). Transnational capitalism and national disintegration in Latin America. Social and Economic Studies, 22(1), 132–176.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tóth, A. (2015). Coming to the end of the via dolorosa? The rise of selective economic nationalism in Hungary. In S. Lehndorff (Ed.), Divisive integration. The triumph of failed ideas in Europe—Revisited (pp. 233–251). ETUI.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vaitsos, C. (1982). Transnational corporate behaviour and the enlargement. In D. Seers & C. Vaitsos with the assistance of M.-L. Kiljunen (Eds.), The second enlargement of the EEC: The integration of unequal partners. Houndmills

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Apeldoorn, B. (2002). Transnational capitalism and the struggle over European integration. Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vauchez, A. (2014). Démocratiser l’Europe. Seuil.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weissenbacher, R. (2007). Historical considerations of uneven development in East Central Europe. In J. Becker & R. Weissenbacher (Eds.), Dollarization, Euroization and financial instability: Central and Eastern European countries between stagnation and financial crisis? (pp. 35–83). Metropolis.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weissenbacher, R. (2018a). Peripheral integration and disintegration in Europe: The ‘European Dependency School’ revisited. Journal of Contemporary European Studies, 26(1), 81–98.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weissenbacher, R. (2018b). A ladder without upper rungs: On the limitations of industrial policies in TNC capitalism. The case of the European Union. Austrian Journal of Development Studies (Journal für Entwicklungspolitik), 3/4, 73–107.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weissenbacher, R. (2019). The core-periphery divide in the European Union: A dependency perspective. Palgrave Macmillan.

    Book  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge that research for this contribution was supported by funds from the Oesterreichische Nationalbank (Anniversary Fund, project number 18441).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Johannes Jäger .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Becker, J., Weissenbacher, R., Jäger, J. (2021). Mechanisms of Dependence: Conceptualizing the Latin American Dependency Research Program for the Analysis of European Capitalism. In: Madariaga, A., Palestini, S. (eds) Dependent Capitalisms in Contemporary Latin America and Europe. International Political Economy Series. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71315-7_4

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics