Abstract
The chapter illustrates the traditional varieties and recent transformations of volunteering in five different cultural areas of the world (Anglo-Saxon, European, Latin American, East Asian, sub-Saharan African) and connects the peculiarities of domestic voluntary action to the different cultural and socioeconomic local patterns. It identifies in the intricate heterogeneity of local manifestations of volunteering one of the problematic challenges for the global research and policy-making agenda on the topic. Problematic aspects and cultural specificities with regard to the core elements of the common definition of volunteering – free will, unpaid, general interest – are put in focus. Opportunities and challenges of the future work with the ILO Manual are assessed.
The chapter is co-authored by Riccardo Guidi (Sects. 3.1, 3.2, and 3.8), John Wilson (Sect. 3.3), Bernard Enjolras (Sect. 3.4), Jacqueline Butcher (Sect. 3.5), Jacob Mwathi Mati (Sect. 3.6), and Ying Xu (Sect. 3.7).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
- 1.
For example, helping the members of the same community, beyond the household, may be an option in a highly individualized context and a traditional obligation in another; helping the cousin of a brother-in-law can be nearly compulsory in an area with extended family model and a free act of volunteering in another; helping others informally, with no organizational intermediations, may be considered the only way to volunteer in societies having a low degree of formalization and juridification and considered other than volunteering in a society largely based on formal institutions.
- 2.
Regions are considered here as supra-national areas united by crucial cultural, economic, and institutional characteristics. By “volunteering tradition” it is meant a coherent, multi-layered, and dynamic combination of cognitive components, formal regulations, legitimized actors, and reiterated practices of volunteering which has been consolidated (institutionalized) in a context in a medium–long-term period (Guidi, 2021).
- 3.
See more at https://ccss.jhu.edu/research-projects/vmp/evmp/.
References
Abbott, K. W., & Snidal, D. (2001). International ‘standards’ and international governance. Journal of European Public Policy, 8(3), 345–370.
Akintola, O. (2011). What motivates people to volunteer? The case of volunteer AIDS caregivers in faith-based organizations in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Health Policy and Planning, 26(1), 53–62.
Allen, C. J. (2002). The hold life has: Coca and cultural identity in an Andean community (2nd ed.). Washington D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.
Allen, K. (2012). The big tent: Corporate volunteering in the global age. Madrid: Ariel and Fundación Telefónica.
Allen, K., Galiano, M., & Hayes, S. (2011). Global companies volunteering globally. Washington, DC: International Association for Volunteer Effort.
Anheier, H. K., & Salamon, L. M. (1999). Volunteering in cross-national perspective: Initial comparisons. Law and Contemporary Problems, 62(4), 43–65.
Appe, S., Rubaii, N., & Stamp, K. (2017). Global solidarity: Learning from volunteer frameworks in Peru. In J. Butcher & J. C. Einolf (Eds.), Perspectives on volunteering: Voices from the South. Springer.
Austin, J., et al. (2004). Social Partnering in Latin America. USA: The David Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies at Harvard University.
AVS. (2009). Survey on Volunteering in Hong Kong 2009, Retrieved on 28 Feb 2013, from https://www.avs.org.hk/symposium/pdf/AVS_BOOKlet_21.pdf
Baer, D., Prouteau, L., Swindell, D., Savicka, A., & Kuang-Ting. (2016). Conducive macro-contexts influencing volunteering. In D. H. Smith, R. Stebbins, & J. Grotz (Eds.), The Palgrave handbook of volunteering, civic participation, and nonprofit associations. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Beck, U. (1994). The reinvention of politics. In U. Beck, A. Giddens, & S. Lash (Eds.), Reflexive modernization. Politics, tradition and aesthetics in the modern social order. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Beck, U. (2007). The cosmopolitan condition. Why methodological nationalism fails. Theory, Culture & Society, 24(7–8), 286–290.
Bekkers, R. (2008). Volunteerism. In W. A. Darity Jr. (Ed.), International encyclopedia of the social sciences (2nd ed.). Macmillan Reference: Detroit.
Bekkers, R., & Wiepking, P. (2011). A literature review of empirical studies of philanthropy: Eight mechanisms that drive charitable giving. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 40(5), 924–973.
Bennett, W. L., & Segerberg, A. (2012). The logic of connective action. Information, Communication & Society, 15(5), 739–776.
Bosioc, D., Fonović, K., & Salamon, L. M. (2012). Institutionalizing the measurement of volunteering: Insights from the European Volunteer measurement project. JHU-CCSS.
Brenner, N. (2009). Open questions on state rescaling. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 2(1), 123–139.
Bruno, I., Didier, E., & Vitale, T. (2014). STATACTIVISM. Forms of action between disclosure and affirmation, PArtecipazione e COnflitto. The Open Journal of Sociopolitical Studies, 7(2), 198–220.
Bruun, B. (2016). Positions & possibilities in volunteering for transnational medical research in Lusaka. In R. Prince & H. Brown (Eds.), Volunteer economies: The politics and ethics of voluntary labour in Africa (pp. 96–115). Woodbridge: James Currey.
Butcher, J. (2010). Mexican solidarity: Citizen participation and volunteering. New York: Springer.
Butcher J., & Einolf, C.J. (2017). (Eds.) Volunteering: A complex social phenomenon. In Perspectives on volunteering. Voices from the South. Springer.
Butcher J., & Verduzco G. (2016). Acción voluntaria y voluntariado en México. Mexico: Fundación Telefónica.
Butcher, J. (2013). (Coord.) Generosidad en México: Fuentes, cauces y destinos. México: Porrúa.
Cao, C., Cecconi, E., & Balian, B. (2011). La sociedad civil argentina en el Bicentenario. Índice Civicus de la Sociedad Civil Argentina (2008-2010). Buenos Aires: CIVICUS, GADIS, UCA.
CEPAL. (2011). América Latina: evolución de la pobreza y la indigencia 1980-2011. Hoja Informativa, 29 de Noviembre de 2011.
CEV - European Volunteer Center. (2012). Volunteering infrastructure in Europe. CEV-European Volunteer Center.
Chávez, J. (2003). Participación Social: retos y perspectivas. México: Plaza y Valdés/UNAM.
CIVICUS. (2011). Civil society volunteering patterns in Africa An analysis of the CIVICUS Civil Society Index 2008-2011 findings on volunteerism (Paper presented at the Southern African Conference on Volunteer Action for Development1719 October 2011, Johannesburg, South Africa, https://www.vosesa.org.za/sadcconference/papers/1.pdf).
Cnaan, R. A., & Handy, F. (2005). Towards understanding episodic volunteering. Vrijwillige Inzet Onderzocht, 2(1), 29–35.
Cnaan, R. A., Handy, F., & Wadsworth, M. (1996). Defining who is a volunteer: Conceptual and empirical considerations. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 25(3), 364–383.
Cui, C., & Jin, C. (2002). The experience and inspiration given by the new measure that the Japanese teacher-training curriculum takes in the volunteer-service education. Studies In Foreign Education, 29(1), 62–64.
Curtis, J. E., Baer, D. E., & Grabb, E. G. (2001). Nations of joiners: Explaining voluntary association membership in democratic societies. American Sociological Review, 66(6), 783–805.
De Waele, E., & Hustinx, L. (2019). Governing through volunteering: The discursive field of government-initiated volunteering in the form of workfare volunteering. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 48(2), 72–102.
Dekker, P., & Halman, L. (2003). Volunteering and values. An introduction. In P. Dekker & L. Halman (Eds.), The values of volunteering: Cross-cultural perspectives. New York: Kluwer.
Dekker, P., & van den Broek, A. (1998). Civil society in comparative perspective: Involvement in voluntary associations in North America and Western Europe. VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 9(1), 11–38.
Eliasoph, N. (2009). Top-down civic projects are not grassroots associations: How the differences matter in everyday life. VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 20(3), 291–308.
Enjolras, B., & Eimhjellen, I. (Eds.). (2018). Fra kollektiv til konnektiv handling? Oslo: Cappelen Damm Akademisk.
European Commission Communication. (2011). Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions - Communication on EU Policies and Volunteering: Recognizing and Promoting Cross Border Voluntary Activities in the EU. European Commission Brussels, COM (2011) 568/20.9.2011. https://ec.europa.eu/citizenship/pdf/doc1311_en.pdf
European Economic and Social Committee. (2012). Opinion on the European Commission Communication. https://www.eesc.europa.eu/?i=portal.en.soc-opinions.20520
European Parliament. (2012). Report on recognizing and promoting cross-border voluntary activities in the EU. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef=-//EP//NONSGML+REPORT+A7-2012-0166+0+DOC+PDF+V0//EN
Fligstein, N. (2013). Understanding stability and change in fields. Research in Organizational Behavior, 33, 39–51.
Fligstein, N., & McAdam, D. (2012). A political–cultural approach to the problem of strategic action. Research in the Sociology of Organizations, 34, 287–316.
Fowler, A., & Mati, J. M. (2019). African gifting: Pluralising the concept of philanthropy. Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11266-018-00079-z.
Gasparini, L., & Cruces, G. (2013). Poverty and inequality in Latin America: A story of two decades. Journal of International Affairs, 66(2), 51–63.
Gerdes, L. I. (2011). Introduction. In L. I. Gerdes (Ed.), National service (pp. 14–20). Detroit: Greenhaven Press.
GHK. (2010). Volunteering in the European Union. Brussels: Directorate General Education and Culture.
Gil-Lacruz, A., & Marcuello, C. (2013). Voluntary work in Europe: Comparative analysis among countries and welfare systems. Social Indicators Research, 114, 371–382.
Glanville, J., Paxton, P., & Wang, Y. (2016). Social capital and generosity: A multilevel analysis. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 45(3), 526–547.
Guidi, R. (2021). Re-Intermediating Voluntary Action. The Path-Dependent Pluralization of Italian Volunteering Field. VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, forthcoming.
Gumo, S., Gisege, S. O., Raballah, E., & Ouma, C. (2012). Communicating African spirituality through ecology: Challenges and prospects for the 21st century. Religions, 3(2), 523–543. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel3020523.
Habermas, J. (1989). The structural transformation of the public sphere. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Habib, A., Maharaj, B., & Nyar, A. (2008). Giving, development and poverty alleviation. In A. Habib & B. Maharaj (Eds.), Giving & solidarity: Resource flows for poverty alleviation and development in South Africa (pp. 79–119). Cape Town: HSRC Press.
Handy, F., Cnaan, R., Brudney, J., Ascoli, U., Meijs, L., & Ranade, S. (2000). Public perception of who is a volunteer. VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 11(1), 45–65.
Handy, F., et al. (2010). A cross-cultural examination of student volunteering: Is it all about resumé building? Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 39(3), 498–523.
Haski-Leventhal, D., Meijs, L., & Hustinx, L. (2010). The third-party model: Enhancing volunteering through governments, corporations and educational institutes. Journal of Social Policy, 39(1), 139–158.
Henriksen, L. S., Stromsnes, K., & Svedberg, L. (2019). Understanding civic engagement in the Scandinavian context. In L. S. Henriksen (Ed.), Civic engagement in Scandinavia. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98717-0_1.
Hsu, L. S. (1975). The political philosophy of confucianism: An interpretation of the social and political ideas of confucius, his forerunners and his early disciples. London, UK: Curzon Press.
Huang, X., & Shi, D. (2012). Review and enlightenment on voluntary service legislation in Taiwan. Jiangsu Social Sciences, 6, 113–119.
Hustinx, L. (2010). Institutionally individualized volunteering: Toward a late modern reconstruction. Journal of Civil Society, 6(2), 165–179.
Hustinx, L., & Lammertyn, F. (2003). Collective and reflexive styles of volunteering: A sociological modernization perspective. VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 14(2), 167–187.
Hustinx, L., Cnaan, R. A., & Handy, F. (2010). Navigating theories of volunteering: A hybrid map for a complex phenomenon. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 40(4), 410–434.
Hyden, G. (1983). No shortcuts to progress: African development management in perspective. Berkley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
IFRC (International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies). (2015). Beyond Ebola: From dignified response to dignified recovery. https://www.ifrc.org/Global/Documents/Secretariat/201601/Beyond%20Ebola%20report-EN_LR.pdf
ILO. (2011). Manual on the measurement of volunteer work. Genève: International Labor Organization.
ILO. (2013). Resolution concerning statistics of work, employment and labour underutilization, Adopted by the 19th International Conference of Labour Statisticians (Oct 2013).
INEGI (Instituto Nacional de Geografía y Estadística). (2019). Cuenta Satélite de Las Instituciones Sin Fines de Lucro de México, 2018, Comunicado De Prensa Núm. 651/1910.
Jimu, I. M. (2008). Community development: A cross examination of theory and practice using the experiences of rural Malawi. Africa Development, 33(2), 23–35.
Johnson, P., Kelly, C., & Letts, C. (2015). From prosperity to purpose. Hauser Institute for Civil Society at Harvard University. cpl.hks.harvard.edu/prosperity-purpose-perspectives-philanthropy-and-social-investment.
Kaseke, E., & Dhemba J. (2006). Community mobilization, volunteerism and the fight against HIV/AIDS in Zimbabwe. Special issue on civic service in Southern African Development Community (pp. 85–99).
Keohane. (2001). Power and governance in a partially globalized world. New York – London: Routledge.
Kessler, G. (2015). Inequality in Latin America: Lessons from history. INTAL Monthly Newsletter, 222, ISSN: 1027-1899, 7–14.
Landim, L., & Thompson, A. (1997). Non-governmental organisations and philanthropy in Latin America: An overview. VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 8(4), 337–350.
Lee, E. W. Y. (2005). Nonprofit development in Hong Kong: The case of a statist-corporatist regime. Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 16(1), 51–68.
Lindsey, R., Mohan, J., Bulloch, S., & Metcalfe, E. (2018). Continuity and change in voluntary action. Bristol: Policy Press.
Lv, C., & Zheng, Q. (2005). Analysis on the influencing factors of elderly people’s participation in voluntary service. Journal of Social Work of the National Taiwan University, 2005(12), 1–49.
Lyons, M., Wijkstrom, P., & Clary, G. (1998). Comparative studies of volunteering: What is being studied? Voluntary Action, 1(1), 45–54.
Maharaj, B., Habib, A., Chetty, I., Favis, M., Khan, S., Sithole, P., & Sookrajh, R. (2008). Religion and development. In A. Habib & B. Maharaj (Eds.), Giving & solidarity: Resource flows for poverty alleviation and development in South Africa (pp. 17–44). Cape Town: HSRC Press.
Mati, J. M. (2014). Neoliberalism and the forms of civil society in Kenya and South Africa. In E. Obadare (Ed.), Handbook of civil society in Africa (pp. 215–232). New York: Springer.
Mati, J. M. (2016). Philanthropy in contemporary Africa: A review. Voluntaristics Review. Brill Research Perspectives, 1(6), 1–100.
Mati, J. M. (2017). Models, developments, and effects of transborder youth volunteer exchange programs in Eastern and Southern Africa. In J. Butcher & C. Einolf (Eds.), Perspectives on volunteering: Voices from the south (pp. 129–150). Geneva: Springer.
Mattli, W., & Buthe, T. (2003). Setting international standards: Technological rationality or primacy of power? World Politics, 56(1), 1–42.
Mbiti, J. (1969). African religions and philosophy. Oxford: Heinemann Educational Publishers.
McGrew, A., & Held, D. (Eds.). (2002). Governing globalization: power, authority and global governance. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.
Meijs, L. C. P. M., & Brudney, J. L. (2007). Winning volunteer scenarios: The soul of a new machine. The International Journal of Volunteer Administration, 24(3), 68–79.
Meijs, L., et al. (2003). All in the eyes of the beholder? Perceptions of volunteering across eight countries. In P. Dekker & L. Halman (Eds.), The values of volunteering: Cross-cultural perspectives. New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow: Kluwer Academic/Plenum.
Moleni, G. M., & Gallagher, B. M. (2006). Five country study on service and volunteering in Southern Africa: Malawi country report. Unpublished research report. Johannesburg: VOSESA; Centre for Social Development in Africa.
Mottiar, S., & Lodge, T. (2018). The role of community health workers in supporting South Africa’s HIV/ AIDS treatment programme. African Journal of AIDS Research, 17(1), 54–61. https://doi.org/10.2989/16085906.2017.1402793.
Muehlebach, A. (2012). The moral neoliberal: Welfare and citizenship in Italy. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Musick, M., & Wilson, J. (2008). Volunteers: A social profile. Indiana: Indiana University Press.
Muthuri, J., Matten, D., & Moon, J. (2009). Employee volunteering and social capital: Contributions to corporate social responsibility. British Journal of Management, 20(1), 75–89.
Overgaard, C. (2019). Rethinking volunteering as a form of unpaid work. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 48(1), 128–145.
Paxton, P., Reith, N., & Glanville, J. (2014). Volunteering and the dimensions of religiosity: A cross-national analysis. Review of Religious Research, 56, 597–625.
Polanyi, K. (1977). The livelihood of man. New York: Academic Press.
Polanyi, K. (2001) (or.1944)). The great transformation: The political and economic origins of our time (2nd ed.). Boston: Beacon Press.
Prince, R., & Brown, H. (2016). Introduction: The politics & ethics of voluntary labour in Africa. In R. Prince & H. Brown (Eds.), Volunteer Economies: The Politics and Ethics of Voluntary Labour in Africa (pp. 1–27). Woodbridge: James Currey.
Prouteau, L., & Sardinha, B.. (2011). European Volunteering: Comparisons, Individual and Country Determinants. (Paper presented at the first international conference of ERNOP, Vienna, 7 June 2011).
Rochester, C. (2018). Trends in volunteering. United Kingdom: Volunteer Now.
Rochester, C., Paine, A. E., & Howlet, S. (2010). Volunteering and society in the 21st century. Houdmills: Palgrave Macmillan.
Roitter, M. (2017). Beyond images and perceptions: Conceptualizing and measuring volunteerism in Buenos Aires. In J. Butcher & C. J. Einolf (Eds.), Perspectives on Volunteering: Voices from the South. Springer.
ROK (Republic of Kenya). (2015). The national volunteerism policy. Nairobi, Kenya: Ministry of Labour Ministry of Social Security and Services.
Roy, A. (2012). Ethical subjects: Market rule in an age of poverty. Special issue, poverty markets: The new politics of development and humanitarianism. Public Culture, 24(1), 105–108.
Salamon, L. M., & Anheier, H. K. (1998). Social origins of civil society: Explaining the nonprofit sector cross-nationally. VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 9(3), 213–248.
Salamon, L. M., Sokolowski, S. W., & Haddock, M. A. (2017). Explaining civil society development. A social origin approach. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Sanborn, C., & Portocarrero, F. (Eds.). (2005). Philanthropy and social change in Latin America. USA: David Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies: Harvard University.
Sanborn, C., Cueva, H., Portocarrero, F., List, R., & Salomon, L. M. (1999). Peru, Global civil society: Dimensions of the nonprofit sector (pp. 445–462). Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins Comparative Sector Project.
Sen, A. (1992). Inequality reexamined. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Shachar, I. Y., & Hustinx, L. (2019a). Modalities of agency in a corporate volunteering program: Cultivating a resource of neoliberal governmentality. Ethnography, 20(2), 205–226.
Shachar, I. Y., & Hustinx, L. (2019b). Settling the neoliberal contradiction through corporate volunteering: Governing employees in the era of cognitive capitalism. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 48(6), 773–805.
Shen, X. (1999). South Korea’s youth policy for the 21st century. Journal of China Youth College for Political Sciences, 1, 8–12.
Snyder, M., & Omoto, A. (2008). Volunteerism: Social issues, perspectives and social policy implications. Social Issues and Policy Review, 2(1), 1–36.
StatSA. (2014). The number of volunteers has increased in the country since 2010. https://www.statssa.gov.za/?p=5433
Swyngedouw, E. (2004). Globalisation or ‘glocalisation’? Networks, territories and rescaling. Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 17(1), 25–48.
Tang, F. (2016). Religion and volunteering across the life course. In M. Harrington & E. Daniele (Eds.), Gerontology: Changes, challenges and solutions (pp. 55–80). Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger.
UN. (2003). Handbook on non-profit institutions in the system of national accounts, New York, United Nations, Studies in Methods Series F., No. 91.
UN. (2018). Satellite account on non-profit and related institutions and volunteer work, New York, United Nations, Studies in Methods, Series F, No. 91, Rev. 1.
UNV (United Nations Volunteers). (1999). Expert working group meeting on volunteering and social development, New York, November 29–30.
UNV (United Nations Volunteers). (2015). State of the world volunteerism report. Bonn: Transforming Governance.
UNV (United Nations Volunteers). (2018). State of the world volunteerism report. Bonn: The Thread that Binds.
UNV (United Nations Volunteers), IS (Independent Sector). (2001). Measuring volunteering: A practical toolkit. Bonn, Germany & Washington, DC, USA: UNV & Independent Sector.
Verduzco, G. (2017). Solidarity and volunteering: A view from Mexico. In J. Butcher & C. J. Einolf (Eds.), Perspectives on volunteering: Voices from the South. Springer.
Villalba, U. (2013). Buen vivir vs development: A paradigm shift in the Andes? Third World Quarterly, 34(8), 1427–1442.
Wang, P., & Hu, Q. (2012). The main forms and motivation research of Japanese college students social practice. Journal of Nanchang College of Education, 27(12), 82–83.
Weber, M. (1968) (or.1922). Economy and Society, Guenther Roth and Claus Wittich, Berkeley: University of California Press.
Wig, S. (2016). The purchase of volunteerism: Uses & meanings of money in Lesotho’s development sector. In R. Prince & H. Brown (Eds.), Volunteer economies: The politics and ethics of voluntary labour in Africa (pp. 75–95). James Currey: Woodbridge.
Wilson, J. (2000). Volunteering. Annual Review of Sociology, 26, 215–240.
Wilson, T. (2006). Incentives and volunteerism in Zambia. A review special issue on civil service in southern African development community, 68–83.
Wilson, J. (2012). Volunteerism research: A review essay. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 41(2), 176–212.
Xu, Y. (2013). Moral resources, political capital and the development of social work in China: A case study of City J in Shandong Province. British Journal of Social Work, 43(8), 1589–1610.
Xu, Y. (2014a). Volunteer participation and the development of civil Society in China: A case study of Jinan. Nonprofit Policy Forum, 5(1), 139–168.
Xu, Y. (2014b). The electronic-mediated public sphere and environmental public participation in China: Implications for non-profit organizations. In J. A. Ariza-Montes & A. M. Lucia-Casademunt (Eds.), ICT management in non- profit organizations (pp. 134–145). Hershey, PA: IGI Global.
Xu, Y. (2018). Beyond the structural boundary? Exploring the challenges and options for state-led youth civic service programmes in China. China: An International Journal, 16(2), 133–150.
Xu, Y. (2019). Theories on public trust of E-philanthropy in China’s new era: A literature review and reflection. Journal of Social Science of Human Normal University, 48(3), 54–61.
Xu, Y., & Ngai, N. P. (2011). Moral resources and political capital: Theorizing the relationship between voluntary service organizations and the development of civil society in China. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 40(2), 247–269.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Guidi, R., Butcher, J., Enjolras, B., Mati, J.M., Wilson, J., Xu, Y. (2021). Varieties and Changes of Volunteering: Challenges for an International Standard on Voluntary Action. In: Guidi, R., Fonović, K., Cappadozzi, T. (eds) Accounting for the Varieties of Volunteering. Nonprofit and Civil Society Studies. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70546-6_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70546-6_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-70545-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-70546-6
eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)