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Latent Fingermark Aging in 3D: Uncovering Hidden Degradation Patterns

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Technologies for Fingermark Age Estimations: A Step Forward

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Abstract

Usually, in fingermark aging studies, two-dimensional (2D) morphometric features are examined in order to obtain information on how, and by how much, fingermarks visually degrade over time. These include parameters such as the distance between ridges, color contrast between ridges and furrows, and the width of ridges. However, in this process, there are other aging features that are being overlooked because fingermarks are rather three-dimensional (3D) objects. These features are the height and area occupied by the ridges, as well as the volume of the fingermark secretion. This chapter discusses novel 3D features with the objective to aid in establishing a multi-parameter methodology for determining time since deposition by visual means. Fingermark age estimation is an expanding subfield of forensic science research that will undoubtedly provide meaningful insights on the aging process of this common physical evidence. In addition, optical profilometry, a nondestructive 3D imaging technology, is discussed in detail to explain how it can be employed to reveal 3D features not explored before in the field of friction ridge pattern analysis.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Microscopic distinguishable and discriminating features located along the ridges of friction ridge skin, from human fingers, toes, palm of the hands, and sole of the feet.

  2. 2.

    Semiporous surfaces such as finished wood and glossy cardboard must be treated with a combination of techniques for fingermark development which adds a layer of complexity to aging studies. Little is yet known on aging patterns on this type of surfaces.

  3. 3.

    Refers to the phenomenon where, under certain environmental conditions, a single ridge can randomly “move” from its original position over time while the adjacent ridges may remain unaltered. As a result, a minutia at a specific location may change in appearance.

  4. 4.

    A detailed NIST report “Latent Print Examination and Human Factors: Improving the Practice through a Systems Approach” was published in 2012 https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/ir/2012/NIST.IR.7842.pdf

Abbreviations

2D:

Two dimensional

3D:

Three dimensional

ALS:

Alternate light source

AFIS:

Automated fingerprint identification system

CWL:

Chromatic white light

MALDI:

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization

ToF-SIMS:

Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry

OP:

Optical profilometer

ULW:

Universal Latent Workstation

SED:

Silver electroless deposition

TiO2:

Titanium dioxide

FTIR:

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

GC-MS:

Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

CM:

Confocal microscopy

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Henry C. Lee College of Criminal Justice and Forensic Science, Forensic Science Department, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT, USA

    Josep De Alcaraz-Fossoul

  2. Raleigh/Wake City-County Bureau of Identification, Raleigh, NC, USA

    Meredith A. Narowski

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  1. Josep De Alcaraz-Fossoul
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Correspondence to Josep De Alcaraz-Fossoul .

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  1. Henry C. Lee College of Criminal Justice and Forensic Science Forensic Science Department, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT, USA

    Josep De Alcaraz-Fossoul

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De Alcaraz-Fossoul, J., Narowski, M.A. (2021). Latent Fingermark Aging in 3D: Uncovering Hidden Degradation Patterns. In: De Alcaraz-Fossoul, J. (eds) Technologies for Fingermark Age Estimations: A Step Forward. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69337-4_6

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